National Security vs. Individual Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

field of study Security vs. Individual Rights - Essay ExampleOn the contest of seeking to unearth the delicate balance wheel between citizens rights and the concern on national security, Kettl expounds on the terrorist approach shots which were opportunistic of the Americas open society as they stage-managed their mass murder incursion on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon. Deep scrutiny on the predicament unravelled that the roots of this incident encompassed the effortless and accessible means and avenues to obtain passports to foreigners. It was also unravelled that attain American immigration sites were often jeopardized by lack of resolute scrutiny. On this concern, President Bush reiterated to the attack urging American Citizens to deliver terrorists to the state authorities altogether with their respective ring leaders or opting to succumb into the terrorists snare. The U.S went further to imprison the captured terrorists at Guantanamo Bay, hence evading the Geneva C onvention restriction (Kettl, 2013, pg 162).

Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sleep - Essay precedentThere are some health effects of sleep which are very imperative to estimate and comprehend. These include the fact that sleep is very directly linked with the overall health and quality of support of individuals under(a) discussion. It is a well-known fact that restoration, growth and develop handst come about when a psyche is sleeping in a deep manner. This goes to suggest how important deep sleep is to gentle beings. The vindication to viral infections is increased and the natural immunity deep down the human body becomes better. Since wish of sleep may mean breakdown in the human bodys health processes, researchers and medical practitioners are against this potency adopted by a few people. When it comes to classification of sleep, there are two tangents which come under it. One is the sleep deprivation and the other sleep debt. Sleep deprivation looks at the utter lack of time required for sufficient sleep. This is ideally a condition that would affect in impairing natural, emotional as well as cognitive working of the human body. On the other hand, sleep debt is essentially the mutant in the time between the attained sleep and the sleep which is required to maintain alert wakefulness, nigh of which comes about during the day. Lack of proper sleep measures can lead to a number of disorders in the human body. These are linked up with some serious mental as well as physical health considerations. Some of these include the mental health disparities, obesity and overweight patterns in the human body, cardiovascular issues, immunological disorders, respiratory problems, endocrine concerns, metabolic diseases and a number of other ailments which keep on adventure within the human body. The need is to comprehend how important sleep is and give it the priority that it richly deserves. It go forth solve quite a few issues during the daytime as well as keep the individual alert. Some of the common sleep disorders include dyssom nias and parasomnias. Dyssomnia normally includes within its fore the insomnia, sleep paralysis, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, expeditious legs syndrome and the Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder. Parasomnia takes into account the REM behavior disorder, the night eat syndrome, the nocturnal eating disorder, sleepwalking issue, sleep terror disorder, sexomnia and the nightmare disorder. There are gender differences also existent within sleep that need to be given significance. These differences come about when a child is merely 6 months old. It has been researched that women usually have more relaxed sleep when compared to men. Also it has been noticed that women take less sleep than men while the latter have more rapid eye movements during sleep. In the same footing, men usually experience a decline in slow wave sleep which happens earlier but takes typeset quicker than women. Hence men tend to sleep well as compared to women for a number of scientific reasons. In order to a ttain a good nights sleep, it is important to have a proper sleep schedule in place. It is usually a common vocalise primal to bed, early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy and wise. One can learn quite a few things from this phrase as it sums up nearly all the concerns which sleep can address, not only in the usher times but also in the future. A sleep friendly environment is the key to having a good nights sleep because it usually tells the person that he is safe, sound

My writing Learning Experience in this class -where I started from the Essay

My writing Learning Experience in this class -where I started from the beginning of the class to now - Essay ExampleBoth strategies are come to with collection of ideas prior to actual writing. I also learned about clustering which is considered as high level of pre-writing because in this strategy, the ideas are inter-connected with for each one other. At this point, the congeners of each idea are macrocosm considered. On the other hand, tagmemics involves initial analysis of the subject. It is divided among particle, drift, and field perspective. The particle is the exit or idea. The wave is the manner by which the particle was affected by time. The field is how the unit is seen in a large perspective. These learnings helped a lot in my preparations for writing. They helped me gather my ideas prior to actual writing and plan how to relate each idea to suit my topic.I also learned how to develop effective splits. I learned the magnificence of having an introduction and con clusion in my essays. I realized that at that place is a need for me to introduce the topic of my essay at the first paragraph so that my readers will be able to know at first glance where the essay would be leading. I also learned that each sentence of the paragraph must relate to one idea and that each paragraph must have about relation to the preceding paragraph so that there will be smooth presentation of ideas. As a writer, I cannot equitable insert paragraphs where I wanted to, but there must be some logical relationship between and among paragraphs. TheThe different types of definition essays were also taught in the class. Before, I thought that I could just state and include in the essay everything and anything about a particular subject just to be able to come up with a definition essay. However, in my class, I learned that there are four (4) different types of definition essay, to wit by function, by structure, by analysis, and by contrast. A definition essay by functio n means that the writer has to explain

Elements of Western History since 1500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elements of Western report since 1500 - Essay ExampleHow did the effects of one-man rule and the Enlightenment influence and impact the French Revolution? Absolutism refers to the fact that the notion class of a nation us not held accountable by the sight for their actions (Schwab & Jeanneney 229). In the case of France in the 1600s and the 1700s, this was the case beca exercise the ruling class had formed an elite social organise around the monarchy and royal family of the country. This group practiced what is popularly known as oligopoly where this small group of mess in the French society get windled all the wealth and power of the nation. The common citizens of France lived under harsh conditions because they had no rights to question or go against the rules and principles of the ruling class. Consequently, the ruling class become more distant from the citizens. Also, delinquent to the fact that the ruling class were seldom questioned of their actions and decisions, there was a trend of inefficiency and corruption in the control of state resources and this affected the poor in France more. This caused the the vulgar in France, who were most affected by the inefficiencies of the ruling class to seek intervention and change. Enlightenment refers to a a trend where scholars and other influential citizens in Sixteenth and Seventh Century Europe sought-after(a) to question existing trends in the society and abbreviate the need for new methods (Wilson & Reill 3). In the case of France, scholars like Voltaire, Montesquieu and DHolbech sought the massive salvation of the people through and through seeking accountability amongst the ruling class through a constitution, equal rights and egalitarianism and the fair use of scientific methods in ensuring efficiency and a better quality of life. This campaign was accepted by the masses in France and this played a major role in building the consciousness and stirring up a general dissatisfaction and action again st the French Monarch and the ruling class. This became the genesis of the French Revolution which sought to destroy the dominance of the ruling class in France and establish a administration of equality and the furtherance of the welfare of people in the country. Question 2 The differences between extreme monarchy and absolutist monarchy and how it was established in England and France before, during the 1600s and 1700s. A constitutional monarchy is one that derives its power legitimately through the people and there is a rectitude that spells out the rights and responsibilities of the ruler and the ruled (Wilson & Riell 3). On the other hand, an overbearing monarchy is one where the power of the rulers is deemed to emanate from some special attributes or qualities of the monarchs (Wilson & Riell 3). In the case of Medieval Europe, the most popular attribute that supported absolute monarchies was the divine backing of the royal government, confirmed by the earthly powers of t he Catholic Church. England practiced a constitutional monarchy that can be traced through the evolution of the the kingdom and its ruling structures. Martland (199) identifies that the British monarchy had simultaneously sought to make grow three weaponry of government since the Norman conquests. This is evident by the fact that the Crown sought to systematize the common legal systems of England right after the conquest in the 1200s. This became the foundation for a legal system that was upheld above the King of England and it became the regulatory force of the nation and spelt out the rights and responsibilities of the rulers and the ruled by the 1600s. The assist aspect of the English monarchy is the fact that the king, since the 14th Century had a body of sworn advisers who examined every statute and pardon of the king before it was passed into law. The third element was the representation of the people of England through a represent parliament that represented the concerns of the nobles as well as the commoners in a national discourse. These three arms formed some kind of

Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Movie Review ExampleThe Associate has pleasantly developed characters such as Dianne Wiest, Tim Daly, Elly Wallach and Goldberg who is a brilliant financial analyst at a mountainous Wall Street but suddenly finds out that having a soldiery opens doors. The fact that brilliant headway such as decorations cannot be recognized because she is a woman is unfortunate. It is further awing when decoration forces herself to create a fictitious man called Cutty as her invisible partner and he is continuously out of town or on vacation thus do Laurel to cover for him. The man invented by Laurel turns up to be conspicuously successful in his operations thus making the public to demand to meet him (Petrie Film).It is interesting to watch Laurel enlisting skills of a celebrity copycat so that she can appear at public events as a white man. The man whom Laurel impersonates does not seem likable and this gives the film its comical taste (Petrie Film).The manful conquered society and ladde r in the business world receives a blow when Laurel trains a man called Tim Daly who unfortunately gets promotion that Laurel deserves. However, Laurel who is disgusted by Tim Dalys characters such as closing deals with clients at night decides to mother her own firm. It is really amazing to see Laurel succeeding in her business in the gens of nonexistent Cutty thus lying to even powerful investors.She is a very outgoing person and an extravert who will not stop at pursuing what she wants. She is also sly and determined person who is largely daring. She does everything possible in her capacity to ascend to power.Goldberg is very brilliant and studious person who handlefully uses her erudition to perform her tasks in order to succeed. Goldberg does not regard gender issues and she is so bold that she does not care succeeding in a male dominated business world.He is self centered and male chauvinist who takes advantage of other people especially the

Multicultural Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multicultural Education - Research Paper ExampleThe paper analyses the migration of Filipinos to the US. some Filipino-Americans have absorbed the dominant US culture, which prevents them from understanding the realities behind their own migration experience, decolonizing their thinking, and developing their unity with both poor people of color. Just before the end of the 19th century, America declared war on Spain. This was its first armed bid to make its presence felt in the Asia-Pacific Region. In reality, the Spanish-American war was not so much a war as the scripted transfer of the Philippines and Cuba to the US, without loss of American or Spanish lives. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, in which the Philippines was sold by Spain to the US for the metre total of $20 million, or $2 per head for 10 million Filipinos. After defeating the Spanish compound government, Filipinos were forced to wage another war, this time against the US invading forces. This ti me it was a vicious racist war that resulted in the death of at least 1.4 million Filipinos from the actual fighting and from war-related starvation and affection (San Juan). From the end of WWII to the early 60s, most of the Filipino migrants were Filipinos in the US armed forces and their families. There are right away 1.2 million Filipino Americans in the US.Studying history is an important step, and I have started to fully valuate my Filipino heritage. Understanding myself and the Filipino-American experience, I am starting to understand the reality of the experience of all the excluded in American society.

Write 2 page essay Bring Your Own Technology(BYOT) Educational

Write 2 page Bring Your Own applied science(BYOT) educational Technology - Essay ExampleThus personalized learning tools, place students and teachers for better learning purlieu and better understanding.At one hand the technology displays positive aspects encompassing- better indulgence of 21st vitamin C learning skills, fostering a greater commitment with learning as it seems to be more milieu friendly and tasks could be accomplished at faster pace.Educationalists believe that augmentation in education technology should empower students to make use of high tech gazettes and therefore they advocate for the implementation Bring Your Own Technology or Device initiatives (popularly known as BYOT, or BYOD). Under this program students are encouraged to baffle their own portable gadgets, tablets, and laptops to make their use in the classroom.Students should be accustomed to use the technology to successfully accomplish the targets and for better understanding. The technology displa ys disparity as there is a difference in justice and status, for some students it is not possible to afford personal devices for learning.Uniformity of devices- All the students as well as teachers must possess similar kind of equipments- Smart Phones, Pads, Tablets, Laptops, or Nintendo DS. Moreover infrastructure of the school must also support the devices.In some schools, mobile devices are banned as they intensify conduct issues, distraction from studies and it becomes troublesome for the teachers also to design the lessons appropriately to teach through the portable devices. Students on the different hand must be sincere and dedicated to use portable devices for studies only in school and not for amusement or entertainment. Security reasons also a point of concern what sites students are accessing, is it permissible to their age or not?Thus the goals and motives of the BYOT technology should have a vision and outlook to comprehend

Agree or Disagree with ISLAM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Agree or Disagree with ISLAM - Research Paper ExampleThis paper will examine closely one of them, videlicet Islam, examining its main beliefs and practices as well as present the opinion of the author about this religion.One should bear witness out that there is a peculiar concept of Five Pillars of Islam a set of principles and practices that define the individualism of a Muslim. Thus, the first chromatography column which will be explored is c whollyed Shahada. To put it simple, this is a concise message that all true believers repeat, acknowledging their faith in one God and his only messenger Muhammad (Cornell 9). One would make no mistake pointing out that this has become one of the most famous phrases that are used to recognize Islam. The latter(prenominal) is a monotheistic religion so proclamation that God is one is the key thesis of it. In addition to that shahada also argues that there is no other source of wisdom that the one which was presented by Muhammad, viz. the Quran.The next pillar which is essential for the understanding of the religion is question is called salat. Originally, this word means prayer or more closely the practice of praying. Indeed, the Muslims are known to pray much more than the representatives of the other religions, fivesome times a day. There are five prayers which true believers of Islam should perform the one at daybreak, noon, midafternoon, sunset and in the evening. As one can easily see, they are separated among the day at near equal intervals so that people are able to pray and to achieve their personal goals as well. In addition to that it allows a person to concentrate ones mind on the devotion to God.The triplet pillar which is able to contribute to a correct understanding of Islam as a system is called zakat. As some of the researchers put it, zakat is a good demonstration of Islams commitment to social justice (Rane 23). Indeed, this pillar stands for a certain amount of money that all the Muslims are r equired to pay so that the money will be directed to the

To what extent does the protective trade policy of the USA influence Essay

To what extent does the protective trade policy of the USA influence the Chinese economy - Essay ExampleUnited States of America (USA) has come out clearly in opponent to the kind of trading done by China. USA blames China for being business minded at the cost of the relations that exist between China and foreign investors. After USA and China re-established diplomatic relations in early 1979, trading between these two acress advanced greatly. China rose to the prescribe of being an imperative business partner of USA. However, with time, US imports from China rose to a higher direct than the exports to that country. This resulted in the need for USA to formulate policies that would reduce consumption of products from China. For example, since the year 2004, USA banned domestic fowl products from China. There ar regulatory measures that are taken to limit trade inside a nation when that nation is considered a threat to the balance of trade between the two nations. To benefit the ir citizens in a trade venture, some countries protect their markets against foreigners. This is an evaluation of the causes and effects of protectionism of trade by US on Chinese economy and possible remedies for restoring trade relations.Protectionism This is an illegitimate way by which politicians use to shut down imports into a country on account of worsened domestic economic condition. This is aimed at improving benefits to local citizens and reduces expending on imports. Through this a country targets to spend less on imports than on exports (Chen, 2010, p170).Trade policies These are regulations that are implemented by a nation to regulate trade relations with its partners. Through these regulations, a country is able to balance its spending on imports and exports. This fosters growth of a nation through time. nearly trade policies are unjustifiable and are put in place to sideline potential competitors within a field of market (Gomory and Baumol, 2011, 689).Free trade Thi s is the creation of unrestricted exchanges of goods and services

Screen Writing for Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Screen paternity for Television - Essay ExampleThe positive aspect is that things would change for the better as soon as the boom period arrives for the screenwriters. The hiring companies will have to pay the price of cost-cutting later. The change in current trends in the TV industry for screenwriters can be seen in primarily three fields. First, the reward for writers job has got curtailed. Reputed writers can still command the desired price. They can still get their quote, but theres a resistance to paying it, as companies are not as willing and calibre to pay as they used to be before the slump. Negotiation has become tougher these days irrespective of the place and esteem of the writer. Some of the writers quotes have become doubtful it has become harder to negotiate (Mazin, 2009).A view of the dicker with the writers team shows that the team members need to show bravery and selflessness to clinch a favorable ask to write the IPA. The concussion between the guild members and the writers team supported by WCG in Canada speaks of writers passion for their craft, enforced with the facts and numbers made available by WCG people that work in the occupys of the screenwriters. The environment at the negotiate table is no less harsh, similar to as it can happen with some face-to-face meeting with the workers union. Things do not move for the better with each day passing in the bargaining impact with some members of the writers team disappointing the team. Failure to reach a contract by all interest groups should not be random practice considering that the business volume touched the mark of $2.39 billion in production in 2010/2011 in the Canadian TV and films market (CDN Screenwriter, 2012).Secondly, the trend of one step shoot with the writers is on the high. Some production studios do not provide any other choice for writers. Thirdly, the hindrance of work has increased greatly to get a job as a screenwriter.

Health and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Culture - Essay sheathA Culturally Appropriate Health Education Program on HIV/ AIDS for Africa Relationships and Expectations whizz of the most important features in an AIDs prevention campaign would be the cultural, social and economic constraints on most African womens ability to comply with advice to limit partners and use condoms (Peltzer, 2001, p.171). Poverty and subordination of women are the root causes of women acquiring HIV/ AIDS. Males play the dominant role in versed relations accordingly health promotion campaigns to eliminate HIV/ AIDs should focus on addressing culturally related sexual beliefs and behaviors leading to the disease. In the prevailing traditional family groups, the empowerment of women is crucial to strengthen their position in conclusion making on life choices. Cultural Empowerment of the Target Group It is important to leverage socialization to empower the target group. Interventions should stengthen the currently isolated traditiona l family systems by informally connecting them to the larger national community.

The Era of Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Era of Renaissance - Essay ExampleThe spiritual content of video changed where subjects from Roman autobiography and mythology were borrowed. Devotional art of Christian orientation became classically homophileized. The classical artistic principles, sensible expressions including harmonious parts as well as logical postures of Greek and Roman Artistry were adopt by Italian artist during this period. The rebirth of art in Italy was associated with the rediscovery of ancient philosophy, literature, and science and the growth of functional methods of study in these fields, consequentially the subject matter relative to Greek and Roman history and mythology is ordinarily injected as the core theme of almost all artistic masterpieces at this while. Art became respected as a means for religious and social teaching, and a form of personal, visual expression. Both Italian spiritual rebirth and classic antiquity utilized human form as their subject but the prevalence of vibrant color and boldness was more depicted in the Italian renaissance art. Although much of the influence at this time was borrowed from the classic antiquities, what sets this era apart is the uniqueness brought about from blending the old and the new concepts. succession it is true that the artistic talents of the Italian painters were made possible through the influences of many Greek artist who fled to Florence to try on refuge after the downfall of Constantinople, the improvements and modern touch of art depicted in most masterpieces during this time was mostly because of the imaginative perspectives of the artist honed and further developed through the newly acquired contemporary ideas and skills from Greek and Romans (Hunt. pg. 507). Where as the classical antiquity was confined to walls of catacombs, the Italian renaissance art were revered by many in many great cathedral ceilings, and although depicting heavenly subjects, realistic stories were conveyed even including the chara cteristic improvement of human form which the Greeks did not have in their style. The distinction and improvement of the depiction of the human form in the classic antiquity and Italian renaissance art is also quiet evident in the elbow room with which the Italian sculptures utilizes the S shape curve which is a characteristic feature where figures are described as emotionally restrained, graceful, elongated with delicate features. Sculpture further developed with the increasing accuracy of the human body. view figures with the classic tradition of heroic nudity are commonly depicted (Hunt. pg.513).In the aspect of educational system, books and paintings contained many of the same stylistic qualities where manuscripts grew in demand as a form of social pattern for those few literate where illustration figures are shown also in the S-shaped curve and are usually elongated with the modeling of garments to show volume (Hunt. pg.509). Where as printing is the new form of keeping ann als of history as suppose to the old norms of classic antiquities which requires several scribed to hand write the pertinent information, both Greece and Italy were confusable in the disposition that there is an immense need to improve intellect during this time. They differ in the sense that while it takes time to handwrite the information this requiring more time to transmit information, this is greatly improve with the groundwork of paper and

Introduction to Mass Communications (MEDC1010) Essay

Introduction to Mass Communications (MEDC1010) - Essay ExampleThe informant will first define power and discuss briefly the two forms of power, hard and soft. Following this, the former will give an overview of the CNN Effect and discuss how the first noted example of the Effect, the Somalia civil war and subsequently, the UN and US joint peacekeeping mission into the failed state, literally changed the face of the media landscape. The CNN Effect turned new-fashioneds in specific, and media, in general, from a delayed broadcast of current events in which the typical viewer was simply an observer to instantaneous or almost real-time broadcasts, bringing the world into angiotensin-converting enzymes own living room, and essentially making the individual feel a part of a greater global community (Hess, S., Kalb, M., Eagleberger, L., Woodruff, J., & Livingstone, S., 2002). Power, by definition, is the factors that enable one actor to manipulate another actors behavior against its p references.(Kegley, C., 2009) Specifically, there are two forms of power that are wielded in order to manipulate the other actor, hard power and soft power. Hard power, simply stated, is the coercion by tangible means of actor B by actor A. Examples of hard power can be seen in host action or coercive diplomacy. Following the end of the Cold War, however, a new form of power became increasingly utilized in order to coerce the other player. Soft power. collectible to the changing nature of international politics, intangible forms of power, or Soft Power has gained increasing importance (Nye, J.1990). As media outlets began to relate intelligence operation in real time, beginning with the US encroachment of Iraq in 1991, in which journalists were embedded amongst combat military units, literally bringing the war live to the American public, the armchair, typically uninvolved citizen becomes engaged in issues that introductory to this period simply did not exist. The face of the me dia world was forever changed. The CNN Effect Somalia The classic example of the power of the media is the CNN Effect. In the early 1990s media became more global and what was known as the CNN effect became a powerful might to be reckoned with. The CNN effect was first noted when heartbreaking footage of starving children in Somalia pressured U.S. officials to send troops there. (Hess, S., Kalb, M., Eagleberger, L., Woodruff, J., & Livingstone, S., 2002) Media itself became an provoker for the enactment of policy and action. Before the phenomenon of the CNN effect, though many atrocities had occurred worldwide and had been occurring for as long as creation have wielded weapons, the general public scope of awareness did not connect to the distant occurrences, so utmost from the comfort of their homes. Once the general public began to learn, through the media, about different atrocities, which began with, scarcely was not expressage to the civil war taking place in Somalia, press ure was put on the home governments to aspire action in order to alleviate the situation (in contrast to the clean, almost poetic, surgical airstrikes aired from the invasion of Iraq). In the case of Somalia, the CNN effect not only led to the peacekeeping mission in Somalia, but also to the subsequent early cessation of the mission. After 18 United States soldiers were killed, and the media broadcasted, horrifying footage of Somalis dragging the organic structure of a

Folate through Lifecycle Nutrition Research Paper - 1

pteroylmonoglutamic acid through Life oscillation Nutrition - search Paper ExampleThe required vitamin M in shine amount depends on the condition.3 folate can be derived mostly in ve stick outables4. However, there are alternative ways through which humans can get Folate nutrients. Through fortification, consumers can derive Folate from foods that do not naturally contain Folate.5 Whereas Folate has been identified to prevent neural tubal disorders among pregnant mothers, mostly the correct administration also matters.6 Folate becomes effective when taken during the initial weeks of conception.7 Folate is believed to have various effects on human health, thus there is the need to study the facts surrounding it.To ascertain the effects of Folate in the life cycle of humans, various studies have been conducted. Greenberg et al established that Folate is essential in both nutrition and reproduction. During pregnancy, Folate is required in abundance since it is an essential element i n fetal growth.8 Since it cannot be synthesized anew from the body, it is recommended for mothers to take foods rich in foliate during pregnancy. This reduces chances of the offspring and parent to suffer from foliate deficiency related diseases, in this cheek anemia or neural tubal defects.8A study conducted by Blencowe et al showed that mothers who had preceding cases of pregnancies with neural tubal disorders reduced their chances of the condition recurring by 75% if they took Folate supplements9. For mothers who never had former cases of Neural tubal disorders the rate of reduction of potential neural tubal disorders reduced by 62%9. In addition to these results, the study identified that despite neural tubal disorders being the most frequent cases of Folate deficiency during pregnancy there are other risks. Neural tubal disorders in this case affect the infants functionality of the brain and spinal cords. Another common case of foliate deficiency diseases for infants that w as observed is

Family Medicine Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Medicine - face-to-face Statement ExampleThere may be many venerable paths in medicinal drug however, family medicine as a field may be considered to provide a transitional level of specialty which entails a thorough acquaintance of the field unlike the girth in other crucial healthcare areas of expertise. Following several experiences in family medicine, the specialty may be termed as a calling or else than a profession in view of the fact that, it is the only area of medicine that gives a fall progression into a broad, yet solid basis in the field of medicine. In brief, family medicine residence offers familiarity and exposure to a diverse range of patients, various conditions, treatments and cures, in ways that could not be matched by classroom lectures. I was allured to the field of family medicine for the reason that I wanted to master most medical checkup checkup conditions and have the ability to diagnose and treat them. During the beginning of my clinical ca reer, as a student, I was untune into the demanding and multifaceted field of family medicine. I am a migrant from Africa, specifically Ghana and I entered medical school with the apparition that, people who practice family medicine are individuals with a vast acquaintance in treating incalculable ailments. As a student, I had to get acquainted with particular patient situations and participated in numerous activities intended at expanding my familiarity and exposure to a diverse range of patients, various conditions, treatments and cures, in ways that could not be matched through classroom lectures.

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic Replication Essay

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic buffet - Essay ExampleThis is nothing but duplication of the thermonuclear material contained in the nucleus of the prison cellular telephone, be it pro or eukaryotes. Replication is an essential phenomenon related to ontogeny and division of the cell. Growth and division refer not simply to the accretion of biomolecules, but to the replication of an incorporate pattern of functions and structures. The continuity of cellular structure is a necessary complement to the continuity of genetic information. This occurs by means of the process of replication (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 134-150).Replication of the prokaryotic cells is a process central to the biological reproduction and morphogenesis. From that aspect, either cell including prokaryotic cells continuously is in a process looking forward to the next motorbike of replication as long as favourable environments are operational. Sometimes, the time required to replicate is excessiv ely sm exclusively to acknowledge. There are incidences where a whole colony of prokaryote E. coli may replicate in 20 minutes. Indeed, making two cells where there was one before is the only discernible purpose of all the cells metabolism, physiology and behaviour. This process thus involves production of cell constituents as long as energy and nutrients are available to accommodate to the need of replication. This again involves three processes, doubling of the volume and surface area by lengthiness at constant diameter, duplication of the genome and partitioning of the copies, and cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm by the in-growth of a septum at the midpoint, followed by interval of the daughter cells (Harold, 2001, 99-102).Structurally, prokaryotes are very simple cells when compared to eukaryotic cells, and yet they are able to shoot on the necessary processes of life. Reproduction of prokaryotic cells is by binary fission-the simple division of one cell into two cells, following deoxyribonucleic acid replication and the formation of a separating membrane and cell wall. The prokaryotic chromosome normally consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, which serves as the control center of the bacterial cell. It is capable of duplicating itself, guiding cell division, and directing cellular activities. When a cell is preparing to divide, all the DNA molecules in the chromosomes of that cell must duplicate, thereby ensuring that the same genetic information is passed on to both daughter cells. This process is called DNA replication. It occurs by separation of the DNA strands and the building of complementary strands by the addition of the correct DNA nucleotides (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 151-162).Figure 1 The Process of Replication Figure 2 Bacterial Replication Wall Synthesis The point on the molecule where DNA replication starts is called the replication fork. The most important enzyme required for DNA replication is DNA polym erase. The duplicated DNA of the chromosomes thunder mug then be separated during cell division, so that each daughter cell contains the same crook of chromosomes, the same genes, and the same amount of DNA as in the parent cell. In bacteria, as in other walled cells, morphogenesis revolves around wall construction. Bacteria lack an internal

Building successful parent-teacher partnerships Essay Example for Free

building successful parent-teacher partnerships EssayThe problems in the schooling life dejection be solved if teachers and parents work together as a team. The traditional concept of involving parents in the process of educating their children has typically been restricted to one-way converse approaches. Either the parent is talking at the teacher or the teacher is talking to the parent. Yet the existing purpose of parental involvement in the educational process is to foster an improved learning mood and support system for the child. Parent-teacher confrontation models do little to foster the development of their environments conducive to effective fundamental interaction and learning for the child (Swick, 7). parents and teachers must come to realize that their behaviors are much to a greater extent important than their oral communication in affecting the childs self-concept. When parents and teachers work in complementary, supportive type roles as partners in the develo pment of learning climates and support systems for young children, not only are they learning, but they are a vital part of the educational process (Swick, 7). the parent is the first and approximately important influence in the childs development.It holds that the parent, like all other teachers,must first be a growing, compassionate mortal in order to be an effective parent (Swick, 7). Parents and teachers become stronger, more insightful individuals when they participate in joint determination of the educational program in which their children tolerate optimal conditions necessary for growth toward worthy functional and developing persons (Swick, 8). Parents provide personal information about childrens behaviors, characteristics, talents, interests, etc. Teachers give another(prenominal) view about the fond development of the children for example with friends and other people, progresses in school, skills, achievements, etc. Involved parents The transcendental resource in their childrens education by Anita Gurian, Ph.D.Gurian, Anita. Involved Parents The Hidden Resource in Their Childrens raising NYU Child Study Center. Available 01 May 2012. Web Page. In adolescence, children become more independent and usually dont want their parents in school. In middle and high school, students have to deal with more courses and more teachers in a more impersonal way, so parent involvement, although less direct, is still critical. Parents apprize participate in events at school, monitor homework, provide experiences and materials that supplement course work, and help children with organizational strategies. Parents can influence their childrens academic progress by encouragement, reinforcement, and modeling.Children learn from their parents own learning styles and activities, such as discussions, newspapers and other reading materials, television habits and quests for information and knowledge. When parents want to be in charge and spent their metre for their children, they can have the opportunity to know their childs life better. The parents can know the social life of their children at school and all the other activities that their children have. United States. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. case Center for Education Statistics. Parent Involvement in Childrens Education Efforts by Public primary Schools. Washington, DC, 1998. Internet.Parent attendance at school-sponsored events was related to the concentration of meagreness in the school, as defined by the percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. In general, as the concentration of poverty in the school increased, reports of high parent attendance decreased. For example, while 72 percent of schools with a low concentration of poverty reported that most or all parents attended the school open house, 48 percent of schools with a moderate poverty concentration, and 28 percent of schools with a high poverty concentration reported that most or all parents attended the open house (Carey, 14).Davis, Jonathan. Facilitator Helps Parents Get Involved in Their Childrens Education. NBC 26 News. (25 April 2012). Available 1 May 2012. Web Page. In order for a school to run expeditiously you need to have the parents involved. I try my best to communicate that to the community and let them know that we have things that they can do, Like being a room mom and are able to give prat to the school. In order to do that you have to have the parents to get involved because we want lifelong learners, express Inga Coleman.

Thesis for POS Systems Essay Example for Free

thesis for POS Systems EssayABSTRACTSeveral threats affect the survival of piffling, independent retail companies. Adoption and use of point-of-sale (POS) strategys may offer grievous benefits to counter these threats. POS establishments be not widely used by these retailers, however. This explore investigates the determinants of the betrothal of POS governing bodys using a conceptual model based on existing espousal theories. establish on this, a survey has been held among 37 Dutch weeny, independent retailers, to answer the question what the most important determinants for POS system adoption are. This occupy furthers conjecture on IT adoption, particular(prenominal)ally for subtile organizations. The practical relevance is that its findings may help in improving POS system adoption. .INTRODUCTIONThe Dutch retail sector consists for 94% of small retail organizations (10 employees), altogether employing around 250,000 persons. The retail sector is noticeably pre sent in the workmanship-driven Dutch economy and acts as an intermediary between industry and consumer. The sector is an important and relevant subject of study from an economical, social and cultural perspective. In this paper we centering on in-store retailing. The environment of this type of retail trade is under pressure. Several interacting threats, corresponding globalization, demanding consumers, increasing administrative burden and an economic recession force the retailers into action. cultivation and communication engine room (ICT) is a double-edged sword in this context (cf. Turban, King, Viehland and Lee, 2004). On the one hand, it tail be a threat to smaller retailers for its disintermediation effects and competition through e-tailing (cf. Chircu and Kauffman, 1999), and by its supply cosmic string man festerment effectuation of the vastr(franchise) organizations (cf. David, 2008).On the other hand, ICT likewise posts opportunities to smaller retailers, like ope ning up overbold sales channels, reducing administrative tasks and/or enabling strategic management of their enterprise (Turban et al., 2004). A specific type of retail ICT that can be employed to achieve effective store management is a Point-of-Sale (POS) system. POS systems are specify in many distinguishable ways. On Wikipedia, a retail POS system is defined as a computer, monitor, cash drawer, receipt printer, habiter display and a barcode scanner. Webopedia.com defines a POS system as the capturing of data and customer payment information at a physical localisation when goods or services are bought and sold. YourDictionary.com defines it as A comprehensive computerized checkout system that includes a bar-code scanner, receipt printer, cash drawer, credit and debit card scanner, monitor, and inventory management software.A point-of-sale system tracks sales and identifies inventory levels in real time. There are many different types and brands of POS systems available. eBay. com and BuyerZone.com provide a web-based Point of Sale System Buying Guide, containing over 4,000 different POS equipments for retailers, and 91 different types of POS software. The POS system market in The Netherlands contains no less than 150 vendors, each offering their own curious software package. POS systems enable retailers to consult more detailed management information compared to traditional cash registers and electronic Cash Registers (ECRs).As this management information is based on sales figures, retailers can improve their backing by maintaining a better product strategy and pursuing a more efficient permutation process matching customer demand, alleviating what is often referred to as the bullwhip effect (Lee, Padmanabhan and Whang, 1997). This enables inventory optimization, minimizing storage space and toss out situations. Moreover, cash slips can be stored electronically and the results can be brought up in the POS system immediately, both(prenominal) reducin g time spent on administrative tasks. This is specifically relevant for The Netherlands, where the administrative burden for SMEs has increase through regulationsLITERATURE REVIEW ADOPTION MODELSIn this section we review octette different studies on the adoption of information systems, which were found through literature study. The meta literature search focused on theories and models concerning IS/IT adoption, more specifically of small businesses, retail and/or POS systems. Below, as a result, we first describe two generic adoption models with regard to IS/IT adoption. Next, we discuss six models that address adoption within the retail or small business domain.Generic modelsThe first generic adoption model we refer to here is that of Rogers (2003). His Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory describes the adoption of innovations over time. He ascribes the dynamics of adoption behaviour in terms of different groups of people, like innovators and laggards. His theory also indicates h ow an individual or organisation (i.e. any decision-making unit) decides to adopt (or not) an innovation. This adoption process consists of quintuplet different stages knowledge acquisition, persuasion, adoption, implementation and confirmation.Rogers specifies three groups of determinants that influence this process characteristics of the decision-making unit, characteristics of the innovation and information channels. Based on DOI theory, factors concerning the decision-making unit that positively influence adoption are e.g. high social status, low age and financial flexibility. According to DOI, important characteristics of an innovation include relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability (the degree to which it can be experimented with), and observability (the visibility of its results). Information channels (personal and mass communication channels) are required to spread knowledge of an innovation.The second generic adoption model is based on Venkatesh, Morris , Davis and Davis (2003), who reviewed technology acceptance models, among which the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1986) and the theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985). They used elements of each model for a new unified model, called the Unified conjecture of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Contrary to Rogers model, UTAUT concentrates on the adoption behaviour of individuals. In this model, four constructs are defined as determinants of a users acceptance and behaviour. Performance expectancy relates to the degree to which the technology is expected to improve job performance.Effort expectancy concerns the ease of use associated with the technology. Social influence is defined as the degree to which an individual perceives that important others believe he or she should use the new system (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Finally, the construct facilitating conditions deals with the degree to which a support infrastructure for the technology is believed to exist. I n addition, these four constructs are modelled to be influenced by four so-called moderators, i.e. gender, age, experience and voluntariness. Retail and SME-specific modelsWe will discuss six main studies and their adoption models below. First, the study by Julien and Raymond (1994) can be mentioned. Their technology adoption model for the retail sector proposes eight organisational aspects as determinants of technology adoption centralization, complexity, size, status (i.e. independent/affiliated), sector, and assertiveness, rationality, and interaction of the organizational strategy. These determinants were identified in earlier inquiry on technology adoption in small organizations. Technology adoption in this case concerned the use of hardware (business computing, POS systems and telecomputing) and software. In the study 79 firms in food, hardware and clothing were assessed through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Clothing firms and large firms were less apt to use POS systems, while firms that had a longer organizational planning horizon used POS systems more often.Secondly, Chau (1995) researched which factors are important for small businesses in software selection. His research focused on packaged software, as small organizations usually do not buy custom developed software, due to their limited resources. Chau argues that owners/managers of small organizations are less focused on budgeting techniques like dough present value or internal rate of return to make decisions on software investments. Instead, they focus more on criteria aimed at the functionalities and popularity of the software. Also, opinions of vendors, employees, consultants or acquaintances are believed to influence decision making. Based on empirical research among 122 small businesses, he found that the importance of selection criteria varied between owners and managers.In general, owners reckon to focus more on technical aspects, while managers focus more on non-techn ical aspects. Third, Thong and old salt (1995) developed a model based on the notion that the adoption process of small businesses differs from that of large firms. CEOs play a major role in small firms as they are the primary decisions makers. In their research, the authors developed a causal model, which assumes that the following factors are positively correlated with the likeliness of IT adoption for small firms business size, competitiveness of the business environment, information intensity, innovativeness, and attitude towards adoption of IT and IT knowledge.SYNTHESIS CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND HYPOTHESESIn the previous section, a total of eight models for adoption have been discussed. Most models view the (retail) organization and/or its owner as the decision-making unit. In small organizations, the owner-manager/CEO almost by definition determines IT investments and the IT strategy. Thong and sand trap (1995), Ekanem (2005) and Chau (1995) all point out this phenomenon. Therefo re, we consider personal variables of the owner (like age and gender) as key determinants of POS adoption by retailers. In addition, organizational characteristics (like size and competition) can be considered as additional, contextual determinants of the IT adoption decision.

Are We Born Good or Evil Essay Example for Free

Are We Born dangerous or Evil EssayThe age old question when discussing world has al steerings been Is troops by nature life-thr eatening or wretched? thither be universey arguments that say that objet dart is naturally abomination. There are many an(prenominal) counter arguments that say that man is naturally unafraid. Which cardinal is it? Is man naturally genuine or detestation? Thats why Im here. I bequeath present arguments from two sides, and maybe some that grapple an entirely different argument, and then share my opinion approximately which I approximate. This papers purpose is not to tell you which is in sober order, which is wrong, but to besot you to recall about man and his nature. I essential first desexualise the terms good and evil before I am able to discuss which medium man is. I went to dictionary.com to find what the definitions of both terms. Evil produced quintuple definitions, while good produced 41 definitions. I will discuss wh y this is weird later, but for now, salutary the definitions. Evil is basically someaffair that is morally wrong. Its something thats intent is to anguish others. good is basically something that is right, and its intent is to help others or do something for some star else. Now that Ive basically specify the terms, we apprize now discuss what man is.I conducted a survey on an internet forum asking multitude what they thought man naturally was. 33% think man is naturally both good and evil, 28% think man is naturally neither good nor evil, 28% think man is naturally evil, and 11% think man is naturally good. When I proposed the question, I was thinking that people would yet say good or evil. It was not my intention for them to in addition say neither or both. What impress me the most was that good was so low, while evil was so mellowed.Is man naturally evil? Possibly. umpteen rely that hu earthly concern is entirely selfish, only looking out for oneself. Its our animal i nstinct they say. We do what we must(prenominal) to survive. If that means hurting soulfulness else to get ahead, then thats the way it is. Me, me, me its always about what I want, and not what anyone else wants. There are wars in our world only when because one side thinks the other is evil and must be destroyed and vice versa. This ordinarily involves religion. Man is evil because Satan persuaded Adam and Eve to eat from the forbidden tree. They wanted to be like God, so they ate the fruit. Thats where sin came into play. So because of their act, all mankind is born into sin, which happen upons man naturally evil.Is man naturally good? Possibly. Even though many people do not think man is good, there are some people that do. They think that slam is a natural instinct, and love is good. Man does not bind the instinct to hurt or scratch off simply because they choose to. Man is compassionate. Man wants to be happy. Man wants to love and to be loved. Man cares about whom they love. Humankind tries to help one some other in times of need. Man desires in the humanistic perspective, in that mans mind is inherently good, constantly striving to learn more and r separately its full potential. Anything that happens along the way is subject interpretation. Once again, religion gouge come into play.God created man in His image. God is good, which makes man good. Even though sin came upon humankind, man is still created in Gods image, so man must naturally be good.Perhaps man is neither good nor bad. Perhaps when we are born we simply are there, we are neutral. 28% of people say this. They say that man is neutral, and is influenced by their culture on what is good and what is evil. Good and evil are secure terms created by man opinions. Wars are never a battle between good and evil, but rather a battle between differing opinions of what goodness and evil constitute. Good and evil change based on the morals that you learn. There is only the perception of gent lemans gentleman which attempts to reveal itself some fundamental depth where there is inherently none. Evolution didnt design us to be civilized and polite. We are hunters and gatherers. In the end we are carbon based life forms evolved from single celled organisms. Good and evil are objective constructs. They dont exist without people to perceive them they are not a priority. For deterrent example a soldier can be seen as a hero from one side and a terrorist from another. Its all about perspective. Religion can come into play here as well.Is atheism considered a religion? Is believing in nothing but what you see considered a religion? A belief in God creates a religion, so a belief in something else (in this case, nothing) should create a religion, right? Ill except say belief and leave it like that. The atheistic belief is that the terms good and evil are nothing more than terms, created from religion. They believe that what we see is what we get. Man is born and is influence d into doing things (good or evil things). Evil is perspective, as is good. One side of the world may see themselves as good, while another side of the world might see those same people as evil. The terms are simply opinions, nothing more.Maybe man is naturally both good and evil. 33% of people seem to think so. Man always has a choice. Man can either do good, or do evil their choice. They can choose to hurt or to help. Its easier to go down the dark side and act on greed and other negative impulses, but we have the ability to choose the person we want to be and choose the light side instead. That is what makes man special, instead of a common animal that runs purely on instinct. Man can love and man can hate. Man can kill and man can create life. Man is compassionate. Man is vengeful. Humanity can choose to do good, and choose to do evil. It 50/50 heads or tails.Where do I fall into this? Is man evil, good, both, or neither?I dont believe man is neither good nor bad. I dont believe man is here simply because of chance. I dont believe good and evil are just terms created by man to help ourselves feel go about our choices. Humanity isnt here because of an disaster, or because of an explosion. Were too meliorate to be. Im not saying man is the perfect being, because we all make mistakes, but were just made up so well I just dont see how we are just an accident. Do I think man is influenced in his decisions from family, culture, or however the media? Yes. But I believe man has this natural instinct to be good or evil.I do believe that man is both good and evil. Man can do great, wonderful, terrible, and horrifying things. Tony triplex from the television series The Sopranos is a good example. He is a loving husband and father, but hes also a mobster who kills people and puts hits on people. Benjamin Franklin had many ideas for America and even invented electricity, but he was also an adulterous and a very sleazy man.If the perception of man being both good and evil is true, then each decision that humanity makes must be struggle, since good tells you to do one thing, while evil tells you to do something else. Its like youre mind is split in two. I realize thats a stretch, but Im trying to deduce all ideas around this belief. And if man can be both, can they be one or the other? I guess well find out.I do not believe man is naturally evil. Do we have evil tendencies? Sure, but that doesnt mean that the first thing I think of when I see someone is that I want to kill them. I dont drive out up every day thinking Oh goody, I get to hurt someone today because thats just stupid. Do I think that people think this? Unfortunately, yes. I dont think there are many people that do think this, but I believe there are some. People can be selfish, sure, but peoples intentions usually arent to hurt others. There is the exception though, like the popular kids in high school who make fun of the geeks just because they think its funny. Luckily, life is nt like high school at all. Evil is very real in my opinion, but we always have a choice to do evil, and I do my best to avoid it.I do believe that man is naturally good. We as humans strive to be happy. Thats what were all searching for in my opinion. We want to love and to be loved. Plus, man has this wonderful thing called a conscience. Its this little voice inside ones head that tells you when youre doing something wrong. We try to have a good day each day, even if we know that day is going to suck. Humanity tries to help each other out in times of need. Some people give to charities others become counselors or doctors. umpteen people when they are children want to become policemen or firemen because, not only do they have cool down uniforms, but because they help people.Its very hard to talk about good when all people usually think about is the bad. Even I think more about the bad rather than the good. Is that because I feel bad for thinking about the evil? I think so. The ev il might be affecting us in one way or another. We try to do good, but sometimes the evil simply takes over and theres not much to stop it. We simply give in because its easier. Theres a summon in the bible that says The road to hell is straight and wide, and its filled with people, but the road to heaven is shallow and is filled with many turns. There arent many people on this road. I know the quote isnt exactly that, but thats not the point. The point is, doing evil is easy, while doing good is hard. But how can one truly live their lives if all they ever did was the easy thing? Itd be very hard to do.Whats real lamentable is that at dictionary.com, there are 41 definitions for evil and only five definitions for good. Why is this sad? Because it seems like we as humans always are trying to do good, but for one curtilage or another, it turns into evil, and so people get hurt. So there are 41 definitions because people get hurt. People usually think about the bad times rather than the good times. We dont really think about good things because we dont think they come in our lives very often, so there are five definitions of good because they seem so far away to attain, even if theyre not.My choice is that naturally, man is good. Sure, we all make mistakes, but when we do we try to learn from those mistakes. I believe that we are not born and are here just because. How can one truly live their life knowing that they are an accident? I dont see how thats possible. Humanity can do terrible, horrible things, but humanity can also do very good, even great things. Finding a cure for cancer, donating to a charity, helping someone paint their house just because they asked with nothing in return, the March of Dimes, Walk for Life, donating to Hurricane Katrina victims, or whatever else. We do a lot of good things yet we never really think about it. Maybe we give someone a quarter to help pay for something just because we have the change, or buying a friend dinner because they dont have any mother. Moving a shopping cart out of the road at Wal-Mart because someone might hit it or letting someone in front of you because they have one item while you have 25. Humanity does more good than what they think. We arent evil. We arent here just because. Were just naturally good, and it cant get better than that.

Bilingual Education Essay Example for Free

Bilingual procreation EssayA deeper sense of xenophobia has descended on America recently. The sleepy rural township of Pahrump, NV, reflected this animosity when it passed an ordinance that made side of meat the official lecture and made it illegal to display foreign signs without an accompanying American flag (Curtis, 2006). In an dissemble of civil disobedience, deuce Pahrump residents placed a Polish flag and an Italian flag (in theatrical role to their own ancestry) on their front porch (Curtis, 2006). Vandals drenched the Italian flag with eggs overnight (the Italian flag looks similar to the Mexican flag). A majority of the voting citizens of Pahrump would razetually overturn the polarizing ordinance. This incident reflects a conspicuous truth nigh monolingual Americans feel uncomfortable with the influx of Spanish-speaking peoples because of the perceived lack of preoccupation by Latinos. This xenophobic atmosphere has trickled onto the realm of informatio n a movement for the elimination of bilingual education in public cultivates has gained more attention recently. Proponents argue that using native manner of speakings in the classroom impedes star sign(a) unity (Brisk, 1998).Others feel that bilingual education impedes l inviteing. This research base examines a possible cause of the anti-bilingual movement. It alike examines some arguments and counter arguments of bilingual education. Although by definition bilingual education whitethorn include incline and any foreign language, this paper focuses on the Spanish-speaking population because of the perception many have somewhat the Hispanic community that it resists conforming to American culture. Such sentiments have contributed to the anti-bilingual education movement that has descended in many parts of America.This is unfortunate because bilingual education programs in truth promote assimilation into mainstream American society. Bilingual statement 3 The bilingual educati on debate, as mentioned in the introductory paragraph, has garnished more dialogue lately because of some other(a) hot button coming back immigration. Newscasts a lot flash images of illegal aliens crossing our borders. many a(prenominal) talk conveys often feature lively debates concerning effects of the undocumented workforce. The immigration debate finally sparked a massive dissent in 20006 with the Day Without an Immigrant boycott that would affect American schools and businesses (Lendon, 2006).The topic of bilingual education has inevitably entered the debate. chromatography column writers often slip in their stances on bilingual education when discussing immigration issues. Pugnacious talk show hosts much(prenominal) as Rush Limbaugh often host acidic debates on bilingualism in the get together States. This issue will certainly non evaporate any time briefly. What many opponents of bilingual education discover to mention is that there is an elephant in the room xe nophobia. Many monolingual citizens fear that American culture as they know it is morphing into something foreign.Considering Americas rich, colorful immigrant history, this fear baffles the mind. Why would the descendants of Poles, Germans, Czechs, Italians, and other European immigrants testify such concerns? Critics of Americas evolving culture should focus on the similarities between the immigrants of their ancestors and the plight of todays average immigrant. Many of Americas ancestors landed on our shores at the turn of the 20th vitamin C (Calderon, Slavin, 2001). Their European ancestors, like todays immigrants, had the same dreams that many of todays immigrants have to thrash the abyss of poverty or war.Although many immigrants faced linguistic and cultural obstacles, many witnessed their children succeed in school and acquire economic security. According to Calderon and Slaven Bilingual Education 4 (2001), School is the ladder by which children of immigrants climb out of poverty and into mainstream society (p. 8). The goal of the immigrants of yesteryear was clearly to assimilate by mover of a quality education. If education is a major ingredient for assimilation of immigrants into mainstream society, then society should pinch bilingual education. A starting point is literacy, since cultivation cuts across all donnish subjects.An effective outline involves using a childs native language in literacy instruction. We generally acquire reading skills by reading (Smith, 1994). By providing a child with reading material in his/her primary language, we fork over the student with a healthier, stronger academic base from which to build on. Once a child acquires these basic skills such as identifying phonic blends in his/her mother tongue, the student digests the given topic easier. Equipped with reading and heart knowledge skills, the transition into literacy in a second language then becomes smoother for the face language learner.Truly, a childs na tive language is the best initial medium of instruction (Brisk,1998). I did not realize how important using a childs native language was until I experienced an obstacle with a native Spanish speaker several years ago. Using further slope, I was trying to teach a student fresh from Mexico the concept of active and linking verbs. I soon realized that she had never learned these basics about her own native language, let alone grammar of the position language. I soon resorted to teaching her grammar in Spanish.After she mastered the subject, I transitioned what she learned into the initial English littleon that I had tried teaching her earlier. This experience lends credence to the point that scholars make children still have a lot to learn about their Bilingual Education 5 native tongue upon entering American schools (Brisk, 1998). disrespect the fact that research supports using native languages as a tool for literacy, many stay put their resistance to bilingual education they a rgue for an all-English atmosphere in schools. An indirect but serious final result of this approach is thepsychological effect it may have on many Hispanics. Many agree that language is a key component of every culture (Blanc, 2000). By discouraging Spanish from the classroom, the limited English proficient (LEP) student may feel that his or her native language or culture has less value than the mainstream culture. This may produce a sense of inferiority in the mind of many Hispanics and may cause strife among different ethnicities. Ironically, this moves many Latinos away from the assimilation ideal, which opponents of bilingual education do not want.In addition to affecting the morale of the LEP community, eliminating bilingual education programs may increase the already sky-high Hispanic high school drop-out rate. Lack of academic success is one reason Hispanic youths part with school (Lockwood, 1996). By removing their limited access to research-based programs such as biling ual education, they may suffer even less academic success. Eventually, this may produce a Hispanic community full of low-skilled, poorly enlightened people. In other words, it may produce a subclass.Again, this moves Hispanics away from the assimilation goal cherished by many Americans. Regardless of the benefits of bilingual education, anti-bilingual sentiments continue percolating. Some resort to using other Latinos as a means for obtaining their anti-bilingual agenda. Some cite Richard Rodriguezs In Hunger of Memory the Bilingual Education 6 Education of Richard Rodriguez as a case against bilingual education (Krashen, 2007). Rodriguez, a Mexican immigrant, enjoyed great academic success and assimilated into American society despite the lack of bilingual education.Some average Hispanics parallel Rodriquezs anti-bilingual education stances. Forty-three-year-old waitress Ana Julia Duncan, daughter of Mexican nationals, received minimal bilingual services in the trine grade ( own( prenominal) communication). Despite this fact, academically she performed moderately sound ( individualised communication). Because of her success in school, Duncan feels that bilingualism has little value I didnt speak English when I started school. I did OK. Why cant anybody else do OK? Unfortunately, her way of thinking strikes a familiar chord with other Latinos in her same situation.The Rodriquez and Duncan stories chit-chatm to act as support for the elimination of bilingual education. However, neither person represent the average, modern English language learner. In Rodriquezs case, he grew up in a predominately white neighborhood (Kreshen, 2007). As a result, he was exposed to the English language a lot more than the average Spanish speaker. Since a childs socio-cultural environment plays a major role in his or her intellectual reading (Gregory, 2004), Rodriguezs success should not surprise many. His peers, in essence, acted as quasi-tutors.Duncans situation parallels Ro driguezs education she too grew up in a mainly white neighborhood (personal communication). Therefore she too received informal training or input from her peers. A majority of Hispanic LEP students, by contrast, live in predominately Spanish-speaking neighborhoods and lack the advantages Rodriguez and Duncan had as children (Kreshen, 2007). Bilingual Education 7 Despite the flaws in using Rodriguez and Duncan as microcosms in the bilingual education debate, some nevertheless insist in a total submerging approach in our schools.Although total immersion has no credible supporting evidence (Crawford, 2007), from a personal point of view, it does have a tinge of value. I had virtually no English-speaking skills as a very young child. My parents were Mexican nationals my father worked at the post office while my mother stayed at home with the children. Thus, I had virtually no exposure to English. Upon entering my predominantly white kindergarten class in 1970, I realized that I was ba sically on my own since there were no other Latino children in that particular class.However, this sink or swim situation had a benefit. Within a year, I spoke conversational English. By the first grade, I became fairly fluent in English and would earn average grades. In my opinion, total immersion did play a role in my acquiring salient(ip) English skills. Unfortunately, by the time I reached the second grade, I felt as if I garbled a part of my identity I lost a good deal of my native language. I forgot some major Spanish vocabulary words, I started having trouble pronouncing many polysyllabic words, and I had authentic a slight gringo accent.Mexican children noticed this and would often make fun of my awkward Spanish. To make things worse, my English skills still needed improvement. The presence of bilingual education may have prevented some of my linguistic obstacles by helping me maintain a healthy language base in both English and Spanish. Luckily, some of my teachers notice d my problem and placed me in a bilingual program along with three other students. One was in the same situation as myself the Bilingual Education 8other two were predominately proficient in Spanish who lacked major English skills. The bilingual teacher helped us maintain our strengths and helped classify our weaknesses by using our native language as a medium for instruction. By the end of the school year, I felt more confident. This research paper starts out with an anecdote that depicts a rural Nevada town struggling with xenophobia it had voted in an English-only ordinance. Then, a connection between xenophobia in America and the anti-bilingual education movement is unveiled.Despite the fact that some school districts have pupils from as many as 130 different countries (Crawford, 2004), this paper focuses on the Spanish speaking English language learner because of a major criticism the Hispanic community endures that it resists assimilation into the mainstream American culture. A solution for the this problem is the elimination of bilingual education programs in public schools. Proponents claim this would strengthen national unity. However, as this research paper demonstrates, purging such programs would actually gear the Hispanic English language learner away from assimilation, not towards it.If many opponents of bilingualism have their way, American schools will eventually have a monolithic, cookie-cutter approach to teaching its student population. In the United States, a country made from a rich tapestry of immigrants, this scenario would be very un-American. Bilingual Education 9 References Blanc, M. H. A. , Hamers, J. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism. England Cambridge University Press. Summary This book is a very elevated, academic piece of work. It provides the reader with a rule of thumb to language behavior, tools to measure levels of bilingualism, and addresses bilingual development.Other areas the book concentrates on include the cogni tive development of the bilingual mind, and the cognitive consequences of the bilingual behavior. Brisk, M. E. (1998) Bilingual Education From Compensatory to Quality Education. Mahway, New Jersey Cambridge University Press. Summary This book examines the conventional debates about bilingual education. It in addition examines influences, both internal and external, on the bilingual students education. The source presents strategies for implementing quality bilingual services. Calderon, M. , Slavin, R. (2001).Effective Programs for Latino Students. Mahway, New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Summary This book highlights programs that have worked well for the Hispanic population. It also addresses the unacceptable high drop-out rate of Latino high school students. The book goes a step further by unveiling the needs of higher-education for Hispanics, an area that has received relatively little attention. The authors also explain why many Latinos are at risk in America. Curtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 15). Pahrump Targets Illegal Immigrants. The Las Vegas Review Journal.Curtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 23). take place Pahrump flag ban wont fly. The Las Vegas Review Journal. Lockwood, A. T. Caring, Community, and Personalization Strategies to Combat the Hispanic Dropout Problem. (1996). Advances in Hispanic Education, 1. Washington, DC U. S. Department of Education. Summary This book focuses on the dangerously real issue of the Latino dropout issue. T Gregory, E. , Long, S. , Volk. (2004). Many Pathways to Literacy Young Children Learning with Siblings, Grandparents, Peers, and Communities. New York Routledge Falmer.Summary This book looks at literacy, including bilingual literacy, using a sociocultural approach. It taps into the family structure in various ethnic groups. The book addresses bilingual education in the home and highlights the benefits of this strategy. The authors unveil the importance of using cultural norms as a means to teach literacy (such as story-telling). other aspect of this piece is its assessment of childrens everyday life experience and how that impacts learning. On a personal note, this book didnt really catch my eye at first because it didnt focus on Hispanics specifically.I am happy that I finally opened it up because I was able to see some parallels between the Hispanic experiences and other ethnic groups. Krashen, Stephen. ( 1997). Why Bilingual Education? Eric Digest. Retrieved April 4, 2006 from http//www. ericdigests. org/1997-3/bilingual. html. Lendon, Brad. (2006, May 1). US prepares for A Day Without an Immigrant. Retrieved on April 4, 2007, from http//www. cnn. com/2006/US/04/28/boycott/ Smith, F. (1994). Understanding reading A psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read (5th ed. ). Hillsdale, NJ L. Erlbaum. .

Objections to Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Objections to Utilitarianism EssayDarwells objection to Utilitarianism states that it conflicts with chaste special K sense in three particular case studies. The first objection to wager Utilitarianism is harbinger tutelage. Act utilitarianism is inconsistent with the moral conscious, because it forward looks considerations of what one would do. The consequences of not keeping the promise may be hard to determine whether it is right or wrong. One example of Darwells objection to Utilitarianism of promise keeping is keeping promises to the brain dead.Suppose you made a promise to your stick to carry on the family business when he passes away. You have inherited your fathers multi-million dollar business after he has died. According to hu manhood action utilitarian, you push aside sell the company and donate either of its money to a childrens charity, since your father is dead and his happiness is no longer an issue. You have maximized happiness for many children by bre aking your promise to your father and destroying the family business. But, retrieve utilitarianism says to keep the promises you have made.Rules were made to maximize happiness. The second case study is the moral imbalance to harm and benefit. Acting as an act utilitarianism, harming one person to benefit two people can be compensated. Suppose there are five homeless men, and it just so happens that a well-to-do man happens to drive by asking for directions. They can kill the rich man and steal all his luxuries, which will maximize happiness for all five of the homeless men. All would benefit from one mans death. Rule Utilitarianism oppose against this sort of action.Rule utilitarianism would not pass such a encounter to kill an innocent man to benefit others. RU dos not want to live in a society that takes from one to give to others, because it can happen to anyone. The third objection to utilitarianism is distributive justice. Act Utilitarianism believes it does not matter ho w happiness is distributed, as long as it produces the same net total happiness. Though, common sense states that happiness can be distributed justly or unjustly. Rule utilitarianism does not want a rule or distributive justice.Society looks at how people are treated. Rule Utilitarianism wants equal discourse towards people. In my opinion, I would have to agree with the objections of Darwells essay against Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism seems to be much contiguous to common sense that Act Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism does not have a reliable ethical ratiocination system. It does not seem justifiable in believing that under a utilitarians narrow can satisfy moral theory. Since Act Utilitarianism is not justifiable then it cannot be true.In edict for Act Utilitarianisms to be justifiable its claim would have to be understood, instead of contradicting itself. Rule Utilitarianism follows the rules in the legal system, in which these rules are created to maximize happines s. According to Rule Utilitarianism, if an action is justifiable by others and the general rule is proved to reduce happiness, the rule can be changed or ignored. This shows that Rule Utilitarianism is at hand(predicate) to correct moral theory than Act Utilitarianism.

International Trade and Finance Speech Essay Example for Free

external Trade and Finance Speech testifyOne may try to understand what exactly a exotic exchange run is. To process understand, lets view a foreign exchange rate as exchanging iodin horse at a department memory board for a product. If one were to go into a department store and purchase a pair of socks in a three pack for one dollar, or for individually one for 33 cents, one would be able to relate that the dollar-to-socks exchange rate is three socks because one exchange a single dollar for three pairs of socks. Similarly, the sock-to-dollar exchange rate would be one-third of a dollar, meat 33 cents.This is because if one decides to sell a single pair of socks, one would get 33 cents in exchange. Moffatt) The same principle hold true for foreign currency. On May 9, 2013 the U. S. -to-Euro exchange rate was . 767 EUR, inwardness that for one U. S. dollar, one could purchase . 767 Euros. In order to determine the join that one could exchange one Euro to the dollar, o ne could use this simple formula Euro-to-U. S. exchange rate = 1 / U. S. -to-Euro exchange rate. Euro-to-U. S. exchange rate = 1 / 3767 = 1. 303. This equation shows that one Euro would be exchange for 1. 303 U. S. dollars. (Moffatt) Now that what bear an understanding of what a foreign exchange rate is, let discuss how these rates be determined.Using the two previously discussed currencies, each of their rate ar determined in a foreign exchange market that is open to a real large range of various sellers and buyers. Each country incorporates mechanisms that will in turn instigate in managing the value of their currency. These mechanisms help in determining the, each pegged and fixed, or free-floating. A peg agreement is when a country tries to keep their currency at a fixed exchange rate, as the Chinese consent done between 1994 and 2005. Doing this sometime devalue or over-value their currencies, which domiciliate result in either a trade deficit or sur sum total.Free-flo ating is when the currencys exchange rate is allowed to vary against currencies of different countries, allowing supply and demand in the market forces to determine its exchange rate exchange rates for these currencies are determined around the works by banks and are quoted through the financial markets. (Mayer) International Trade The do of transnational trade means lower prices for goods and work competition for the domestic markets and less of a survival of the fittest for employment for University of phoenix students after graduation.When the country invests more in worldwide trade that local backup concern and companies the Gross domestic product may start to suffer and business may start to go out of business receivable to loss in business. International trade takes away from local farmers and business owners success. If the country is constantly making international trades, eventually the unite States would no monthlong have a need for local farmers. The local farm ers would have surplus that may spoil due to not being sold. This could cause the farmer to draw bankrupt. International trades mean less cost for products and services for the consumer, (Inve abideedia, n. ).So in return that means less business for the local farmers and business owners as mentioned before. The order of international trade effects University of Phoenix student mainly after graduation. If all of the jobs are being outsources or traded overseas what opportunities does that leave the new potential employees? The students would not have a job of choice, depending on the degree they have pursued. It would be unfortunate for a student to complete a program and not be able to use their degree effectively due to their job of choice being outsourced overseas. International trade is not all that bad as it is made out to be.Without international trade, we would not be able to experience different types of foods from other(a) countries that cannot be produced in our countr y, (Investopedia, n. d). Tariffs and Quotas International relations and trade can be affected by the choices governments choose to fallow. First, what are tariffs and quotes? Tariffs or sometimes known as custom-built duties also, they are a authoritative enumerate of tax value placed by governments on international trade goods and are typically on import goods. Quotas are limits placed on the importers, which gives them a certain amount of time they may import their goods.Quotas generally favor the importer, because they tend to drive the cost of goods up, which in turn gains revenue for the importing companies. Tariffs do the opposite, they generally will bring revenue to the government, because they are a tax and the government will gain in revenue. Although tariffs and quotas bring revenue to the companies and the government, they can also have a negative affect if the tax is too high or if the quotas are so small. hurt of the goods will sky rocket and problems in the intern ational duty world will arise. One example, which accord to Colander (2010) stated, Probably the most infamous tariff in U. S. istory is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930, which raised tariffs on imported goods to an average of 60 percent.It was passed at the height of the Great Depression in the United States in the entrust of protecting American jobs. It didnt work. Other countries responded with similar tariffs. As a result of these trade wars, international trade plummeted from $60 billion in 1928 to $25 billion in 1938, unemployment worsened, and the international depression deepened. (Colander, 2010, p. 458). bit of Goods If the U. S. restricted all goods coming in from China then the U. S. would lose a significant amount of comparative advantage with China. What this means is that goods manufactured in China, India and other Asian countries are creating demand for advertising, management, and distribution, and are therefore creating jobs and income in the United States (Co lander, 2010, p. 453).Currently the U. S. is now a debtor nation and China plus India are creating jobs and helping the U. S. frugality. The U. S. could not afford to restrict China because this could cause problems internationally with the two countries and the U. S. parsimony would suffer from bad relations. Why cannot the U. S. just minimize the amount of imports coming in from all other countries? The U. S. annot minimize the amount of imports coming in from other countries because this would hurt the U. S. economy as a whole. Minimizing the amount of imports could also hurt the reputation of the U. S. on the international trade level and the U. S. could end up losing trading partners with other countries.The U. S. is consuming more imports then selling of exports so minimizing the amount of imports would also be very difficult. Again this could make the U. S. economy crash from the loss of imports. International trade, and changing comparative advantages, will become more and more important for the United States in the coming decades Colander, 2010, p. 470). Surplus A surplus of imports that is brought into the United States is when imports exceed exports, meaning that the demand for U. S. goods or services is in the negative. A negative export affects the economys income and output, the employment rate, prices of goods and services, and the rate of inflation. An example of a product with an import surplus, and the impact that it had on the U. S. businesses and consumers is the motor-vehicle manufacturing field.The motor-vehicle manufacturing sector is the second-largest employer among all U. S. anufacturing industries, and auto parts and tires contribute the most direct jobs (nearly two-thirds or more) to the motor-vehicle sector. (Scott, 2012) Since the United States Government helped with the restructuring of global Motors, there has been a strong turnaround in U. S. auto sales, but this still does not stop the massive import and surplus of automo tive parts available on the U. S. market. Chinese exports to the United States have increase by 900 percent in the last decade, thus affecting the employment rate of those that would be working in the United States auto-parts industry.

Robert Rauschenberg Essay Example for Free

Robert Rauschenberg EssayEstate by Robert Rauschenberg is by far the most interesting piece of graphics imprint seen at the Philadelphia M callum of Art. Robert Rauschenberg is a well-known Abstract Expressionist of the modern art period. Robert Rauschenberg is most famous for his Combines of the 1950s, in which he recitations non-traditional materials and objects in combinations. period the Combines are both painting and sculpture, Rauschenberg has also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance.Robert Rauschenbergs Estate is both move up and expressionism. He uses abstract shapes and color patches in his work. There is a lot of use of warm colour much(prenominal) a red, orange and yellow in which gives one a hot and vibrant feel. The powerful colors enthral vivid emotional reactions. The gesture lines allow one to see Roberts arm at work. repeat is used with the quick fluid strokes along with bold strokes that he uses on the canvas. The diagonal lines give a feel of explosive energy to the art work.There is an asymmetrical balance in the work because the encumbrance counter balances apiece otherwise. There is more going on towards the right side, than the left which gives the art work an asymmetrical look. Although Rauschenberg uses recognizable images he makes them his own by titling and turning the images sideways to give them a disparate effect. The materials used to create this artwork include oil, silk screened ink along with photo screen. (MSN) The oil allowed Rauschenberg to blend the colors directly on the canvas.He also piled up the oil thickly giving it a outflank textured look. The oil also allows the painting to have shadows. Photo screen is used with familiar images such as the statue of liberty along with Michelangelos Last Judgment. Rauschenberg would screen in art reproductions, images from newspapers, and anonymous photographs of metropolis scenes. (Art Culture) The photo screening gives the art wor k individuality. This art work was actually inspired by trash, Robert Rauschenberg use to walk around the block collecting things that he found interesting.He states, I wanted something other than what I could make myself and I wanted to use the surprise and the collectiveness and the generosity of finding surprises. (Art Info) Therefore, the art was meant for viewing audience to be surprised, and curious. It is meant to be a world of surprises, and open up peoples mind to what the streets and the city really is. It makes our perception of both street and city changed. (Art Info) Estate is considered to be apart of the abstract expressionism stylistic movement which was created during the American post WWII movement.This movement rejected traditional European painting styles and emphasized on expressive gestures. It is also apart of the pop art movement which emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and spread throughout the United States. It used objects and images from popular, com mercial culture. Estate is very unique, and is unlike any of the art work that came before it. Before, the art work was very plain and simple with the use of dull colors. It did non have any expressions or emotions attached.This art work is very modernized with the use of bright, bold colors, photographs and the use of abstract shapes. It developed from past art styles such abstract, surrealism and expressionism taking a little bit of each stylist movement to create this. It reflects the 21st century culture because it is very bustling. The art work has some(prenominal) things going on which reflects how Americans are in the 21st century we are all extremely busy in our lives. I consider Estate to be a valid work of art, I conceptualize that is very creative and brings out a lot of emotion from the artist. I think it is a graceful piece of art work that is one of a kind.

History Of Oslo Essay Example for Free

History Of capital of Norway Essaycapital of Norway is Norways capital metropolis. capital of Norway came from the Old Norse word os means mountain and lo meaning plain or river . In other words, Oslo fucking be described as a place beneath the mountains (Oslo 2006). People of Ger bit origin may have colonised in the answers a commodious the Oslo Fjord who moved up to the north from mainland Europe (Zelko 63). The scratch evident settlement in Oslo was in the 8th century. (Oslo 2006). The prime(prenominal) people of who inhabited Oslo lived in humble wooden ho customs with turf roofs that was surrounded with pens or sheds for goats, sheep and cows (Oslo City 2006). Like in all the other settlers of Norway, the people were grouped together in the form of a tribe and those who were landowners met with his other come neighbors in a public assembly called Thing. Legislative assemblies were called Lagtings (Zelko 63). During the Viking age, AD800-1000 Oslo settlers grew rapidl y as it had become the pith for trade and shipbuilding activities and tardilyr it earned the name the Viking Capital (Oslo 2006). Viking means a man from Vik, a huge bay between the Cape Lindesnes in Norway and the mouth of Gota River in Sweden (Britannica 1033).Norwegian Vikings, standardised other Vikings of Denmark and Sweden, were feared all over Europe as they had superior ships and weapons as well developed army organization. They were basically endowed with extraordinary hunger for adventure (Britannica 1034). Norwegian Vikings were known to be pitiless and brave fighters who killed their victims and greedily loots their conquered settlements and when they were done plundering destroyed the place with fire. They changed the face of Europe as they occupied in raiding and trade and then finally attracted by their conquered lands settled to live at that place.Their target places were by and large western European countries much(prenominal) as England, Scotland, and Icelan d. Their active participation in trading had renewed the drop European commerce of the middle Ages. Their contact with Western Europe was instrumental for their Christianization and eventually unification of Norway (Britannica 1033). In 885 the first Viking Monarch, Harold the Fair-haired unify Norway (Halsey 239). During his reign the settlers of Norway, including Oslo, were comm only when engaged in blood feuds, fightings that involve almost, if non all, disagreeing families.Even minor disputes can trigger the killing and maiming of both members of the quarreling families and if not settled can prick an endless round of retaliation. The violence can be finally stopped when offending families pay the handleed families which they called bot. sometimes family feuds were brought to the attention of the Lagtings who will decide the outcome of the disputes and impose penalties. The worst penalty they can egest at that time was known as outlawrya sentence that regarded the offender as if he died already. exclusively his goods were taken away from him and he cannot exercise or claim any legal rights.In fact, anyone can kill him without facing the risk of penalty. These condemned people were left with no choice but to leave their mother country or live in the forest as an outlaw (Tseng 24). In 1050 Harald Hardrade or King Harald trinity officially founded Oslo and made it the center of southern Norway. This site was located at the eastern expression of the harbor on the left bank of the small Akers River (Halsey 239). Harald died in 1066 and his death ended the Viking period as raidings stopped (Norway 2007). Oslo experienced a great era during the reign of Haakon V who was crowned in 1299.He decided to build the Akershus fortress in Olso to serve as his home with his wife Euphemia of Rugens, a Northern German princess (Oslo 2006). He made Oslo the capital of Norway replacing Bergen. This time Oslo and the rest of Norway enjoyed relative stillness (Norway 2007). In 1318 Norway was united with the kingdom of Sweden when Duke Erik of Sweden married Princess Ingebjorg, daughter of Queen Euphemia and Hakon V Magnusson. The unification of both countries was officially signed in the Bishops castle now presently know as Oslo Ladergard (Oslo City 2006).The saddest event that occurred in the early history of Oslo was the Black finis that terrorized the world in 1349. It was estimated that half of Oslos population died during the time of the Black Death or bubonic plague. Bubonic plague was carried by fleas in rats from England (Oslo 2006). Because of the loss of its inhabitants and damage to agriculture Norway united together with Denmark and Sweden via the articulation of Kalmar 1397(Norway 2007). During this time Copenhagen, instead of Oslo, was selected as the actual capital of Norway.Consequently Oslo upset it political importance and was only regarded as a provincial administrative center while the kings lived in Copenhagen and Stock holm from 1400-1500 (Oslo City 2006). In 1523, however, Sweden dropped out of the union, and weaker Norway was left in the care of Danish Kings(Norway 2007). wear out 2 Modern Era Reformation Period Like the rest of mainland Europe, Oslo was greatly moved(p) by the Lutheran Protestant Reformation of 1537 when the German Monk Martin Luther questioned the laws of Roman Catholic Church and sought-after(a) to reform the religious beliefs of the Europeans.Oslo citizens were engaged in religious conflicts(Thodock 2003). The catholic bishop of Oslo, Hans Rev was converted to Protestantism disrespect the reluctance of the citizens( OsloCity 2006). Since Oslo had slightly lost its political and economic importance as a metropolis at this time as it was being ruled by Denmark most of the buildings constructed there was only made of wood so that the city was easily destroyed by fire in 1624. King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway decided to move the town to the right bank of the Akers Riv er and make it attached the Akershus Fortress.The city buildings were constructed in a Renaissance city style with rectangular blocks and renamed it capital of Norway (Halsey). Scientific diversity The scientific revolution changed the worlds beliefs entirely, and Norway is in the heart of it Religious beliefs were proven to be wrong and questions were answered. Copernicus first with his opinion on the heliocentric theory, Galileo second with proof of Copernicus theory, and Newton third with the laws of gravity to inform how and why the planets revolved around the sun. EnlightenmentDuring the 1700s the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment flourished in Europe particularly to the Norwegian trading partners of Great Britain and Holland. In these places people were trying to improve their lives with the use of reason instead of following traditional religious or accepted beliefs. Contact with the enlightened British and Dutch affected the daily life of the inhabitants of capital of N orway. Norwegian traders brought home with them not only the prized cargoes of tobacco, coffee, tea and spices but also enlightened ideas.They constructed luxurious houses with magnificent gardens in accordance with the style western Europe (Oslo City 2006). Napoleonic state of wars At first, Denmark and Norway attempted to remain neutral in the Napoleonic wars between France and England and their individual allies in 1805. However, England attacked the entire Danish fleet in 1807 as a result Denmark fall in with France against Britain (Britannica 1034). Britain cut-off trading with Norway and set up a continental blockade against Denmark and Norway wherein British navy prevented the goods from both Norway and Denmark in r to each oneing its trading partners .This action greatly affected the economy of Norway. The export of fish and timber from Christiania as well as the import of grain from Denmark were blocked. As a result, citizens of Christiania go about an economic crisis and suffered hunger. To end their trouble, Britain loosened up its blockade against Norway in 1810-13(Oslo 1991). In 1814 the king of Denmark was forced to give up Norway to Sweden in a Treaty of Kiel when Napoleon I was defeated (Oslo 2006). Eager to rebuild their government the Norwegian created its first constitution on May 17 the same year and Christiania became the capital city.In time, Christiania replaced its rival Bergen as Norways largest city. The people celebrated with joy as Christiania was expected to reclaim its old glory without giving much thought at first that they were still under the control of a foreigner, Sweden. As a capital city, Christiania once again becomes important politically and economically. For its newly acquired role, new monumental buildings were erected as a venue for important functions. . They were the empurpled Palace, Bank of Norway and the stock exchange Oslo Bors.Later, most Christiania citizens joined with the rest of Norway in demanding f or a complete control of their own affairs. They did not want to recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Kiel and instead prefer a Danish King to rule them. Because of the political unrest , Sweden was forced to make the Act of Union of 1815,that gave Norway the privilege of having its own army, navy and parliament(Storting) and was permitted to control their own internal affairs in exchange for their austere compliance to the Treaty of Kiel(Oslo 2006).Renaissance Period Because of their internal independence, Christiania economic and political war machine unit rose. By mid 1800s, Christiania grew into a major administrative, economic and military center. The economic success brought about by the shipping and agricultural industry made Christiania a dominant economic city of Norway (World Book 1981). The site of rapid industrial revolution in Oslo started at the Aker River around 1840. The learning of Industries relied in the electricity provided by this River.Old buildings along the River were demolished and replaced with concrete large textile industrial buildings . Because of the increased jobs offered by industries the population of Christiania increased as peasants and rural populace moved to the cities hoping attend work. In the beginning of the Industrial regeneration Christianias industrial workers, like most of European industrial cities, lived in poverty since income was low. They mostly lived in crowded houses meant for workers in which sanitation was bad.As a result, sickness was common and spread easily. To augment family income, the children aged below ten were forced to work in the industries, an environment that was not conducive for their well-balanced growth. In fact, industries were noisy and dusty. They ca utilize water and air pollution. Because of this, the health of the children suffered and their underground to sickness decreased as they lacked the time to play and sleep. In fact, schoolwork was unavoidably neglected ( impinge on 2007). Revolutions of 1848The political revolutions in Europe in 1848 had increased the proclivity of Norway to demand for independence from Sweden. In the late 1800s popular Norwegian playwrights Henrik Ibsen and Bjornstjerne Bjorjornson staged a play in Christianias playing field with a theme about political hypocrisy, rights of women and social problems. These plays helped Norwegians develop a sense of nationalism. In 1901 the city of Christiania was selected by the notable Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel to be the site for the awarding of the most prestigious dreadful Peace Prize (Lundestad 2001).By 1905 Sweden granted independence to Norway and Christiania at last was freed from foreign encumbrance that began 1300s (Halsey 240). Industrial Revolution World fight One was inevitable collect to industrialization and the desire each country had to become supreme. Firstly, relationships between the nations of the world were dramatically altered by the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Tensions between the industrial powers began to rise. The intensity between the industrial powers grew more and more as each country sought to expand its sphere of influence at the expense of others.Secondly, there was a emergence desire by ethnic populations within the large countries to become independent nations. Norway separated from Sweden and revolts occurred in colonies such as China, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Ireland. warfare broke out in the Balkans in 1912 and again in 1913, as Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia, and Greece fought first the Ottoman Empire and then Austria-Hungary. Lastly, Colonies around the world were a valuable asset for supporting the soldiers countrys economy. The great European powers needed raw materials and outlets for their goods.They wanted to expand into new colonies while still protect the ones they already had. World War I The economy of Christiania steadily grew until before World War I. When the First World War broke out i n 1914 Norway declared its neutrality. However, Christiania benefited economically from the war by carrying British cargoes inspite the loss of Norwegian lives and ships that were caught in the war (Compton 610). After the war Christiania settled back to its normal life. In 1924, Christiania was renamed back to Oslo (Oslo City 2006). World War II.On April 9, 1940 Oslo was defeated by the Germans almost with only a slight resistance due the betrayal of Norwegian Officer and Fascist politician Vidkun Quisling who collaborated with the Nazis. As a result, the city was only slightly damaged during the war (Halsey 239). In 1942 Germany installed a puppet government in Norway under guinea pig Union leader Vidkun Quisling. However, the Norwegians resisted the Germans and its puppet regime. Oslo became a place of opposition strikes. Other citizens were secretly relate in the large-scale industrial sabotage and espionage on behalf of the allied powers.(Oslo 2006). During their occupation o f the city the Nazis used Akershus as a prison and place of execution for those convicted of allied conspiracy and today its the site of Norways bulwark Museum, which provided a detailed account of German takeover and the Norwegian struggle against it (Thodock 2003). The German forces that overrun Norway surrendered in May 8, 1945 enabling the exiled King Hakon VII to return to Norway from London in June. Oslo then began to rebuild its ruin buildings while at the same time prosecuted about 90,000 alleged cases of treason and defection.Convicted traitors faced execution foremost of which was Vidkun Quisling (Oslo 2006). War had been going on for a very long time when it came to The heatless War, the postwar to World War II. After World War II, as the Cold War began two major alliances were created. Although, in World War I a systems of alliances did not work, the systems of alliances that organize after World War II were bigger and they werent buddy-buddy alliances. These two alli ances were formed to bring peace throughout the world, to end The Cold War, and to prevent anymore future high scale wars.Toward the end of the war, hostility between Norwegians and the German occupying forces grew considerably stronger. A prime cause was the German withdrawal from all fronts. Retreating German units from the fronts in the north, the USSR and Finland, withdrew to Norwegian territory. In the autumn of 1944, the Red Army followed the Germans into Finnmark, where it liberated Kirkenes and the northeastern areas. As the occupying military retreated, they ordered an evacuation of the entire Norwegian population in Finnmark and in Troms south to Lyngen.In Lyngen, one-third German army corps dug in. Then the entire region north of Lyngen was burned and destroyed. The final stage included 10,400 homes, bridges, power stations, factories, fishing vessels, telephone facilities and other types of infrastructure. The scorched earth area was much larger than all of Denmark. After the Soviet Red Army crossed into North Norway, a Norwegian military mission and a small number of Norwegian soldiers from Great Britain and Sweden followed. The Russians withdrew from Norway in September 1945, a fewer months after the German capitulation.