Confucianism And Taoism A Common Thread That Is Observed...

A common thread that is observed within East Asian religions is that there is an ideal or higher path that one can follow to attain their spiritual goals within their lifetime. The three popular religions in China, which are Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism greatly emphasized these ideal paths since direct effect of following these paths would bring harmony and structure to the society. Confucianism, a highly philosophical notion centered around the harmony in the society through the utilization of morals and knowledge, introduced the Gentleman. The anti-Confucian reaction known as Taoism, which places an strong emphasizes understanding the Elemental nature of the way through passive nature and mystical communism with the dao introduced the Sage. The third religion, Buddhism, particularly, the Mahayana sect introduced the Bodhivisattia pathway, which highlights the importance of generosity and merit. Since these Taoism was built up the reaction of the Confucian religion and Buddhism in reaction to both Confucianism and Taoism, there are many differences in terms of prioritization either socially or spiritually, acquisition in the type and amount of knowledge and the proper training ground in achieving the final, ideal state. However, these three religions share a common ideology which is to bring out the good within society and within the individual. The ideology of the Confucian man can be perceived as â€Å" The Master said, A gentleman in his dealing with the world hasShow MoreRelatedThe Jade Pendant5982 Words   |  24 PagesSingapore Short story written in English after which it examines the development of the genre through its first decade dating from 1978 and subsequently, the next ten years to the present. The Short Story in Singapore Singapore is a cosmopolitan Asian city, unique in that there are four major language groups promoted by the government. From the very beginning, English was chosen as the language of government, law and social discourse. Being the native language of none of the ethnic groups, its choiceRead MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pagescivilizations. The ideology, ethics and living styles are compared with some examples and details. The architecture, food, arts and crafts, religion, education and festivals are elaborated in write detail to get the list of both cultures and to figure out the difference between two friendly boarder countries. It has been found that both courtiers have different religion ideologies and living styles but both share the same shades of love, harmony and respect for the elders. School of Management Northwestern

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Medical Records

Introduction: There are many functions associated with patient health records. Not only is the record used to document patient care, but the record is also used for financial and legal information, and research and quality improvement purposes. Because all this information must be shared among many professionals who constitute the ‘healthcare team’† (Young 92), and there continue to be problems with the paper health record, it is becoming more apparent that developing an automated health record is very important. The electronic health record (EHR) provides the opportunity for healthcare organizations to improve quality of care and patient safety. â€Å"The greatest challenge in the new world of integrated healthcare delivery is to provide†¦show more content†¦An EHR can decrease charting time and charting errors, therefore increasing the productivity of healthcare workers and decreasing medical errors due to illegible notes. â€Å"Reduction of medical errors is the concern of the public at large, state legislators, healthcare providers, and many other health professionals† (Waegemann et al. 11). There have been numerous stories about fatal mistakes occurring because of illegible notes written by physicians. EHRs â€Å"address a problem that has plagued medical staff very possibly since the first doctor put pencil to paper [...] (Dobias 3). Since â€Å"handwriting is instinctive, and therefore difficult to change† (Dobias 3) automated systems can help eliminate this pr oblem. Although some systems may seem costly, the gains in efficiency far offset the costs. Chart chasing is eliminated, as is duplicate data entry of the same information on multiple forms. â€Å"Highly paid, skilled clinicians no longer are delayed by the search for elusive paper charts, and usable outcome information becomes available without several days of data compilation† (Wellen, Bouchard, and Houston 3). Financially, the EHR will provide more accurate billing information and will allow the providers of care to submit their claims electronically, therefore receiving payment quicker. The patient is even happier, because previous information is available so the patient does not have to continue to provide theShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Using Electronic Medical Records1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Electronic Medical Records: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are computerized clinical records that are created in care delivery organizations like hospitals and physicians offices. Since their discovery, electronic medical records have been increasingly used by primary care physicians as a way to effectively manage the huge number of patient information. Many physicians and hospital staffs have stated that the EMR systems have had a huge impact on their management of patients records and theirRead MoreElectronic Medical And Health Records Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pages Electronic Medical and Health Records: The Future of Healthcare Nursing Informatics Seanequa Morrison Dr. Gwen Morse November 22, 2016 Abstract Electronic medical records often used interchangeably with the term electronic health records are potential systems that are being used to not only transform the way healthcare is being delivered, but to promote the quality of care of patients while creating less medical errors. In recent years electronic health records (EHR) has evolved its conceptRead MoreElectronic Health Records And The Healthcare Field946 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The major change from traditional systems to electronic record systems in the healthcare field within the last couple decades has made a huge impact. Patient records, risk management, planning, staff, and more in the organization are affected by the IT staff. â€Å"The penetration of Internet access, mobile technologies and social networks collectively offer a future in which it is possible to deliver highly personalized care without necessarily having to do it in person, or even with aRead MoreConversion to Electronic Health Records Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesWhat an exciting time to become part of the health care industry! Medical research makes new discoveries to improve the quality of patient care and save lives on a daily basis. Health care reform is gaining momentum, revolutionizing the industry and requiring many administrative changes, such as the creation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Rules and standards evolved from this act provide a way to ensure your protected health information remains confidentialRead MoreHealthcare Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagespurposes which were enacted in stages. This law provides the ability to continue health insurance for American employees when they change or lose their jobs. This law also mandated a healthcare industry wide standard for health care information on electronic billing. HIPAA is also known for the protection and confidential handling standards of protected health information. The HIPAA law has two main portions: portability and accountability. The portability section of this law enables workers to continueRead MoreElectronic Medical Records (Ems) Is A Digital Version Of870 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic Medical Records (EMS) is a digital version of the paper charts in the clinical office, the EMR contains the medical and history of the patient also allows us to track data over time, monitor and improve overall quality of care within the practice such as blood pressure and vaccinations, therefore the patients record may be printed out and delivered by mail to a specialist or members of the care team. Electronic Health Record (EHR) are designed to collect and compile all information toRead MoreResearch on Technology in the Medical Field1487 Words   |  6 PagesResearch on Technology in the Medical Field Certain types of technology have the potential to be very beneficial to the medical field. There are a few types of technology that may be particularly beneficial to medicine such as 3D printing, electronic health records, and robotic surgery. 3D printing can change medicine by being able to print bones, organs, and custom hearing aids. Electronic health records make medical information more available to patients and make it easier for doctors and nursesRead MoreThe Healthcare Insurance Portability And Accountability Act ( Hipaa ) Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagestherefore, was carried out in various stages. This law provides the ability to continue health insurance for American employees when they change or lose their jobs. This law also mandated an industry-wide standard for health care information on electronic billing. Also, HIPAA has made standards for the protection and confidential handling of protected health information. The HIPAA law has two main portions: portability and accountability. The portability portion of this law enables workers toRead MoreSoftware for Human Services1121 Words   |  5 Pagesproducts. Electronic Health Record or (EHR) is one of the software programs that are used by Southern Nevada Adult Mental Health Services. This software is designed to be shared with several different health care providers or settings. The Electronic Health Record software is an electronic collection of systematic health information about a certain population or client. Using Electronic Health Record software will be the digital backup version for a client’s paper chart. Electronic Health Record systemsRead MoreSystem For Financially Penalizing Providers That Do Not Comply With The New Requirements954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe relevant literature indicates, electronic health records will have man consequences not only for health care providers and their staffs but also for patients and their family members, insurance companies, IT developers, and others. Information on these consequences was gathered from peer-reviewed publications as well other reputable academic, medical, and media sources. In examining the information, it is evident that there are both advantages and disadvantages in the changes that have already

MBA sem 1 free essay sample

Parts of vision statement 1. The core values are those things very close to your heart that you will not give up at any cost. It can be integrity (for example, I will never cheat on the taxes I have to pay) or quality (I will never use a lower quality wood), etc. Usually we say that you should have only 4 to 6 core values. Of course, personal values and business values may differ. For example, love may be a very important personal value but it may not be so relevant in your business of furniture though it can be relevant if you were having a home for the aged. 2. Core purpose is the purpose of the organization, for example, to make furniture. This is something that you want to achieve within the framework of our core values. It gives the achievement orientation to the business and therefore the focus. When we get an opportunity to expand or sell off and if we are in a decision dilemma, this acts as another light house. we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignment in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we have different set of assignment for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or mail us on [emailprotected] web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in (b) Differentiate between ‘process’ and ‘tasks’ (Parts of vision statement, Difference between process and tasks) Answer: Processes Process is a set of logical activities that lead to some final or interim output. For example, taking pieces of wood, making it smooth, cutting it, making grooves, connecting them, finishing them, and polishing them are processes to create a table. These have to be done in some logical sequence. This is what a process is. Let us now look at we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignment in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we have different set of assignment for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or mail us on [emailprotected] web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in Q2. Planning is called as the cornerstone of management. Define planning and describe the importance of planning. Explain the types of planning. (Definition of planning, Importance of planning, Types of planning) 2,3,5 Answer: Definition and Importance of Planning Planning can be defined as a basic management function which enables one to select the purpose of the business, and how the resources should be mustered to achieve that purpose to include using the available resources optimally to do that. Planning implies goal setting for the organization keeping in mind the constraints, opportunities, and threats as much as what the person or business which is planning wants to do. Thus, a plan is a blueprint for goal achievement, a blue print that specifies the necessary resource allocations, schedules, tasks, and other actions to achieve the purpose. A goal is a desired future state that the organization attempts to reach. Goals are important because an organization exists for a purpose, and goals define and state that purpose. Goals specify future ends; plans we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignment in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we hav e different set of assignment for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or mail us on [emailprotected] web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in Q3. What is meant by ‘span of control’? Differentiate between narrow span of control and wide span of control. What are the factors that influence the span of control? (Meaning of ‘span of control’ ,Difference between narrow span of control and wide span of control, Factors that influence the span of control) 2,3,5 Answer: Span of control The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more. we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignment in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we have different set of assignment for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or mail us on [emailprotected] web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in Q4 Define Organizational behavior. What are the various approaches to Organizational behavior? (Definition of OB, Approaches to OB) 2, 8 Answer: Definition of OB: OB can be defined as a systematic study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and organizational factors on productivity to include effectiveness and efficiency, absentee, turnover, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. ï‚ · By systematic study we mean looking at relationships and attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. ï‚ · By productivity we mean a performance measure that includes both effectiveness (achievement of goals) and efficiency (ratio on output versus input required to achieve it). ï‚ · By absenteeism we mean failure to report to work especially without informing. ï‚ · we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignm ent in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we have different set of assignment for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or ï‚ · mail us on [emailprotected] ï‚ · web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in ï‚ · www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in a whole is to function effectively. Q5. Perception is the way we see and interpret things. Explain the importance of such ‘perception’. What are the factors affecting perception? (Importance of perception, Factors affecting perception) 4,6 Answer: Importance of perception Perception is perhaps the most important aspect of OB that we use in our daily life and in management. The importance of perception is: ï‚ · While creating vision for an organization, our perception of the future and the way things should be is a deciding factor. ï‚ · While making strategy, out perception of the opportunities and threats make us see the same situation differently. ï‚ · Perception gives the impetus to seek more information to make more rational decisions e.g., the perception of Rakhi on the situation of the bakery in trouble, made her travel and talk to the employees to gain more information. If she had perceived what the manager did was right or that it is too small a thing to intervene, she would not have made the effort to find out more information. ï‚ · we can provide u Fall 2013 fully solved assignment in rs 500/sem . you can make 5 installment of 100-100 rupees thats proof we are not fake. and we have different set of assignm ent for many student so. smu mba assignment Fall/summer season 2013 sem (I , II , III , IV) in only 500/ sem ( 6 sub) or 100/ question paper. we provide unique assignment. our assignment provide you good marks. call us 08273413412 , 08791490301 or ï‚ · mail us on [emailprotected] ï‚ · web- www.aapkiseva.blogspot.in ï‚ · www.assignmenthelpforall.blogspot.in Q6. Give the definition and importance of ‘motivation’. Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. (Definition of motivation, Importance of motivation, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory) 2,3,5 Answer: Definition and Importance of Motivation Motivation is â€Å"the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.† (Robbins, 2003) Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation. Directionis the orientation that benefits the organization. And persistence is a measure of how long a person can maintain his/her effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal. Motivation is important to an individual because: ï‚ · Motivation helps to achieve personal goals. ï‚ · Motivation gives job satisfaction. ï‚ · Motivation helps in self-development of individual. ï‚ · An individual would always gain by working with a dynamic team. Collins, James C. and Jerry I. Porras. Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. First Paperback Edition. New York: Harper-Collins, 1997. 219-239.

Medical Tourism in India

Question: Discuss about the Medical Tourism in India. Answer: Discussion of Results Discussion on Hypotheses In this particular section of chapter 4, the researcher will mainly argue about all the hypotheses that have already been discussed in chapter 2 under the section of the literature review. Here, the researcher will primarily analyze that the chosen research hypotheses are whether relevant or not to the research topic. H1: India has become more competitive in terms of advance health care service and low cost advantage. For the first hypothesis, it has been discussed earlier that the country India is more competitive in terms of both advanced health care service and low cost advantage. Thus, the null hypothesis has been rejected here for this particular research study. It has been found that in the eastern part of Asia there are various countries such as Korea, Malaysia, Thailand that also provide good quality health care services to the people who visit the respective countries (Kaur 2012). However, as per the literature review or study, it has been noted that the cost for treatment or the price rate for providing the good quality health care service is relatively much less in India than in the other countries in the west like the United States, Costa Rica and Mexico (Vijayanambi and Kannan 2011). Thus, the research analysis in the literature review section indicates that the country India provides advance health care service to the inbound tourists of medical tourism at relatively cheaper cost a nd this acts a competitive advantage for the particular nation. H2: Various important factors help to attract the medical tourists to visit the country India and thus enhance and enriches the medical tourism in India. In this particular case, the second hypothesis i.e. H2 has been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected. The reason behind this is that there are several important factors that help the country India to attract more medical tourists and to visit the nation in order to enhance and enrich the medical tourism in India (Love 2012). These various reasons include the cost effectiveness in visiting India for the inbound tourists, the good quality of health care and services are provided in the particular nation, there are availability of various travelling convenience and several methods of treatment (Hall 2011). All these primary factors have boosted the growth of the medical tourism in India. The other factors that also affect the growth of the medical tourism in India include effective treatment for meeting the problems related to reproduction, the official language of the nation is English that also facilitates in easy communication, the affordable and reasonable prices for treatment facilities and availing accommodation also put positive impact on the particular hypothesis (Novikov and Novikov 2013). In addition to this, the mode of treatment is much easier in India. Thus, it can be said that all these factors act as a positive cause for attracting the medical tourists in India. H3: The tourism sector and the health care sector of the country India contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the particular country. The third hypothesis is also been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected in this particular case. The reason behind this is that it has been founded that there is a booming prospect for the medical tourism industry in India. As per the survey research it has been noted that the Indian market for the inbound tourists is continuously expanding especially in the sector of medical tourism (Gyu 2011). It has been stated in the literature review section that the growth of GDP will take place by 13 % within next six years in the field of medical tourism (Natarajan 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the medical tourism sector and the health care sector of the particular nation India will contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the nation (Debata et al. 2011). The other reason behind this growth is the availability of medical treatment in India at extremely lower cost. This factor has lead to the gradual development and growth of this particular industry in India. H4: The government of the country India has adopted various measures in order to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The fourth hypothesis can also be accepted and the null hypothesis can be rejected as it has been found that the Government of the country India has adopted various measures with the aim to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The government of the nation has reduced the taxation, thus it has encouraged the tourism sector as well as the medical sectors (Crooks et al. 2011). The reduced taxation and charges have encouraged the travel agents to provide accommodation to the inbound tourists at lower cost. The charges for medical treatment have also been reduced in order to occupy the competitive advantage regarding the cost effectiveness (Rudra 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the government of the particular nation has adopted various measures in order to improve both the mentioned sectors of the country. Discussion on Literature Review and Research Results It has been found from the literature review section that there are various factors that boost up the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. These factors are the lower cost of the treatment, the lower cost of the accommodation and food, the lower cost for the travel agents all are considered as the cost effectiveness for the inbound tourists who visit the country India (Solomon 2011). It has also been found that various treatments like the treatments related to reproduction, surgery for knee replacement all are done at relatively lower cost than any other countries like the United States, Korea, Costa Rica, Mexico, Malaysia and Thailand (Chandra and Sharma 2013). In addition to this, the high quality of the health care and services also attract the inbound visitors to India and thus high growth takes place in the medical tourism sector and also in health care and services sector (Supino and Borer 2012). Moreover, the tourism convenience in India is much friendly for t he inbound tourists and there are various methods of treatment that help the people to get well sooner and also at lower cost along with good quality of health care and services (Biddle and Emmett 2013). All these factors are considered as the positive aspect for the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. In India there are availability of various types of treatments like Naturopathy, Ayurveda, Yoga and music and aroma therapy (6 and Bellamy 2012). All these help in enriching and expanding the opportunities of the particular country India in the field of medical tourism. Therefore, it can be said that there are various prospects of medical tourism industry in India. However, it has also been found that the country India also faces various challenges regarding the medical tourism sector though it has a greater opportunity of attracting more inbound tourists (Srivastava 2011). Recommendations Therefore, it can be recommended from the literature review section that the country India should work hard and should take various steps to overcome all the challenges that are faced by the medical tourism sector of the country. Therefore, the government of the particular country should take proper steps such that visas to the country can be obtained easily, fast and at lower expense. It has been found that many tourists have faced various troubles in communicating with the non-medical staffs as they are not well-versed in the English language. This implies that training should be provided to the non-medical staffs especially in the inter-cultural communication skills and also in soft skills with the aim to provide high quality service to the inbound tourists. It has also been noted that the travelers who visit India for the purpose of medical treatment are happy and satisfied with the lower cost of the treatment but often complain about the high accommodation and restaurant costs i n the country. Therefore, the government of the country should look after all these factors such that the continuous growth of the medical tourism can be maintained in the future. Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the country India has recently appeared as an important center for medical destination of the inbound tourists who travel from various countries in order to get effective as well as affordable modes of treatment. The country India has the capability of providing both traditional methods of treatment as well as the most specialized and innovative healthcare systems. Thus, the wide variety of methods for treatment of various diseases is available in India and this is the main cause or reason for attracting more travelers to India for treating. This helps in enriching and enhancing the medical tourism sector of the particular country. In addition this, it has been found that the various countries of Asia such as Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Singapore are also considered as an important destination for medical treatment or medical tourism. However, India wins over all these mentioned countries due to much convenient procedures of treatment and also d ue to lower expenses for treatment. It has been noted that the medical staffs of the particular country possess international expertise, the excellent accommodation and food services and the technologically driven diagnostic care fuel the expansion of this medical tourism sector of India. It has been found that though there are so many positives regarding the medical tourism in India, there are various challenges and issues to this specific sector that can be resolved accurately in order to run the particular sector in a positive direction. Future Work It can be stated that this particular research study will help the researchers in future. As per the research study, it has been found that the health care sector of the country India is currently earning a revenue amount of $ 17 billion and it has been expected that this will grow steadily in the near future. As per the experts and economists, it has been identified that the revenue of the country India will increase by about 13 % in coming six years in the field of medical tourism. Thus, the government of the particular country India should take proper remedial steps in order to overcome all the challenges and issues that are currently facing by the country. This specific research study is much enriched with various current information and data. Thus this research topic and the research study will help the researchers in future to study regarding the particular research topic. References 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012).Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Biddle, J. and Emmett, R. (2013).A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Crooks, V., Turner, L., Snyder, J., Johnston, R. and Kingsbury, P. (2011). Promoting medical tourism to India: Messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel.Social Science Medicine, 72(5), pp.726-732. Debata, B., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. and Sreekumar, N. (2011). Development of an instrument for measuring service quality of medical tourism in India.IJICBM, 4(6), p.589. Gyu Ko, T. (2011). Medical Tourism System Model.International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 11(1), pp.17-51. Hall, C. (2011).Fieldwork in tourism. London: Routledge. K.S. VIJAYANAMBI, K. and Dr.R.KANNAN, D. (2011). Recent Trends in Medical Tourism in India.IJAR, 4(5), pp.619-621. Kaur, M. (2012). Medical Tourism in India.PARIPEX, 3(1), pp.64-66. Love, K. (2012).Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Novikov, A. and Novikov, D. (2013).Research methodology. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema. R. Natarajan, P. (2011). Innovative Strategies For Enhancing the Image of India in Medical Tourism.IJAR, 4(6), pp.1-3. Rudra, P. (2011).Impacts of medical and wellness tourism centers on the communities around them. Solomon, H. (2011). Affective journeys: the emotional structuring of medical tourism in India.Anthropology Medicine, 18(1), pp.105-118. Srivastava, R. (2011).State of healthcare in India. New Delhi: DPS Pub. House. Supino, P. and Borer, J. (2012).Principles of research methodology. New York, NY: Springer.