Television and Media Essay - TV Violence and Children :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

TV Violence and Children Children from the ages 6-11 shake off more time watching television thanthey do in the classroom. The level of violence that they see on prime timetelevision is about five violent acts per hour and the level of violence onSaturday that includes cartoons morning programming is about 20 to 25 violentacts per hour. At this rate, the average American child will see 8,000 murdersbefore they finish elementary school As a child sits in front of baby-sitting television, her eyes argon gluedto the viewing of shoot em up rip em up kind of entertainment. We amaze toremember that the entertainment media plays an extremely mesomorphic role in theformation of values and morals, to all youngsters minds of all ages, allsocioeconomic levels, and all levels of intelligence. These programs playwith kids minds these programs have a tremendous negative heart and soul on ourchildren. We, as a society, must save our future and take an active role inprotecting our children from the violence on our television. Television cartoons a lot feature dehumanized characters, such asTransformers and the Ninja Turtles, who engage in the destructive acts ofviolence by fighting our real life social problems. With acts of violence, kidslearn to conjecture thats how they should solve their problems. MTVs Beavis andButt-head encourages fire, smoking, foul language, drinking and stealing. Withthese bad attitudes seen depicted as normal on TV shows kids are lead tobelieve it is cool be have that type attitude Is this what we really want oursociety, especially our younger generation, to believe? If we truly thought that television had no impact on viewers, why wouldcompanies spend billion of dollars on television advertising? If commercialshave an effect, then so do the shows that the children watch. For example,youngsters mimic many of the violent acts that they see such as Beasvis and But-head. angiotensin converting enzyme day, a five year old boy watch his favorite ca rtoon, Beavis and Butt-head, and sees the characters pull one of their famous arson stunts. And theresult, he sets his own house turned on(p) and his younger sister is killed. Children do learn from television especially when they lack direct exposureor first hand experience with violent terrific acts. These do take a toll onchildren and the way they will view life as they grow up. I know some who thatare sweet, innocent, full of dreams, hopes, laughter, and life. These kids havelearned about there environment from their parents, not by watching television.

Blindness and Sight - Nothing and Blindness in King Lear :: King Lear essays

Themes of Nothing and Blindness in King Lear Many of the passages of King Lear, particularly those between the characters of Lear, Kent, the Fool, and Cordelia, all share a common physical composition. The theme of nothing, as well as the theme of blindness, echoes throughout the play. King Lear is in many ways about nothing. However, Kent, the Fool, and Cordelia make him more than nothing by suffice faithfully, speaking bluntly, and loving unconditionally. The premier occurrence of the imagery of nothing takes place between Lear and Cordelia. In this particular scene, Lear asks his three daughters to profess their love for him. When Cordelia is prompted to speak, she replies Nothing, my Lord (1.1.87). Here, Cordelia acknowledges that her opposite sisters are only putting on an act for Lear. Since she truly loves him the most, she cannot bring herself to praise him falsely. Instead, she says I love your majesty according to my bond, no more no less (1.1.92-93). In this short dial ogue between Lear and Cordelia, the playscript nothing is said four times. Whats notable is that each time it is said, it implies a different meaning. The advise of this repetition is to show the audience its importance in the text and to make the ideas and imagery that go along with the word to be clear. By replying nothing when be with the question of her love for Lear, Cordelia implies that there is nothing left to say since her sisters sustain already said all that there is to be said. This particular passage, with its usage of the word nothing also takes on its own rhythm compared to the rest of the text. In a later passage between Lear, Kent, and the Fool, this imagery of nothing occurs again. In the Fools first speech, he gives both Lear and Kent a little bit of his own brand of wisdom. To that, Kent replies, This is nothing, Fool (1.4.126). The Fool tells Kent you gave me nothing fort (1.4.128). The Fool then asks Lear Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle? (1.4.128) To that, Lear relies, Why no, boy nothing can be made out of nothing (1.4.130). These nothings that occur again here all seem to have different meanings as well. Kent tells the Fool that his wisdom is nothing, since it seems on the surface to not make any sense. When Kent tells the Fool this, the Fool tells him that it was just free advise, and that he was pay nothing for it.

Differences Between the North and South that Led to the Civil War Essay

The sulfurern and matrimonyern states varied on many issues, which eventually led them to the Civil War. There were deep economic, social, and political differences between the North and the South. These differences stemmed from the interpretation of the United States Constitution on both sides. In the end, all of these disagreements about the rights of states led to the Civil War. There were reasons separate than slavery for the South?s secession. The manifestations of division in America were many utopian communities, conflicts over public space, backlash against immigrants, urban riots, black protest, and Indian resistivity (Norton 234). America was a divided land in need reform with the South in the most need. The South relied heavily on agriculture, as opposed to the North, which was highly populated and an industrialized society. The South grew cotton, which was its main cash crop and many Southerners knew that heavy reliance on slave labor would hurt the South e ventually, but their warnings were not heeded. The South was based on a totalitarian system.Constitutionally the North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution, and they valued to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states themselves. The South relied upon slave labor for their economic hygienic being, and the economy of the North was not reliant on such labor or in need of this type of service. This main issue overshadowed all others. Southerners compared slavery to the wage-slave system of the North, and believed their slaves received better care than the northern factory workers received from their employers. Many Southern preachers proclaimed that slavery was sanctioned in the Bible. Southern leaders had constantly tried to seek new areas into which slavery might be extended (Oates 349).After the American Revolution, slavery began to decrease in the North, just as it wa s becoming more popular in the South. By the turn of the century, seven of the most Northern states had abolished slavery. During this time, a surge of democratic reform swept the North to the West, and there were demands for political equality, economic and social advances for all Americans. Northerners said that slavery revoked the human right of being a free person and when new territories became procurable i... ...in opinion. We should remember the great sacrifices our fellow citizens made during this time and appreciate their actions or endeavors. Especially that of Abraham Lincoln. The best way to assess the value of Lincoln is to think what the suss out of American would be in today if he had never lived or never been President (Whitman 262).Yes, slavery was the cause of the Civil War, half of the country fancy it was wrong, and the other half just could not let it go or continue. The war was fought overall in different places, and the monetary and property loss ca nnot be calculated. Arguments about the causes and consequences of the Civil War, as well as the reasons for Northern victory, will continue as long as there are historians to wield the playpen ? which is, perhaps even for this bloody conflict, mightier than the sword (Oates 388). The Civil War was a great waste in terms of human life and possible deed and should be considered shameful. Before its first centennial, tragedy struck a new country and altered it for an eternity. It will never be forgotten, but adversity builds forcefulness and the United States of America is now a much stronger nation (Oates 388).

Gossip Girl Book #1 :: essays research papers

In this first novel, life is beautiful for our teens from the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Theyre rich, theyre beautiful, and they realize it. Blair Waldorf is the ringleader of the crew, which includes her handsome nevertheless weak-hearted boyfriend, Nate. This femme fatale in training relishes her role and is confident that she and Nate will be together forever. Then the teen every girl loves to hate, Serena Van der Woodson, returns from her computed axial tomography boarding school, and the young women start fuming. Serena is beautiful and charming, and could unknowingly steal the hearts of brothers and boyfriends -- and she and Nate hold up a secret history. Of course, ridiculous rumors are abuzz that Serena was expelled for everything from sleeping with half the student body to sacrificing live chickens, but no one knows the real deal because it would be totally unhip to appear too interested in her. She doesnt have time to offer explanations anyway, since shes busy tryi ng to fit in with her old clique, who dont seem to want her around. It may be time for Serena make new friends, but with whom? blab Girl reports on Serenas struggle with the group and more -- their dates, their parties, their crushes, and their secrets -- and she tells it all with such knowledge that you, too, will wonder as you close this page-turner, "Who is she?" (Michele D. Thomas) In Gossip Girl, when the beautiful Serena van der Woodsen returns to private school after mysteriously getting kicked out of boarding school, the whole school is talking. All Blair Waldorf knows is that theres no freaking way Serenas deviation to just waltz confirm in with her Jimmy Choo mules and Kate Spade bag and steal everyones heart again. But Serenas got other things on her mind, like college pressure and life story up to everyone elses extreme expectations. Plus theres that Ryan Phillippe-looking guy who stands across the street and stares at her all the time. Set in a rich all-girl s school full of bulimic, rich, and stuck-up girls, youll see into the thoughts of Blair Waldrof, her boyfriend Nate, and her used-to-be best friend Serena van der Woodsen. Blair badly wants to have sex with her boyfriend Nate, and when the moment comes, Nate spills about having slept with her former best friend Serena. Blair turns everybody against Serena when she comes back from her vacation.

Traffic Monitoring Camera Systems Essay -- electronic monitoring devic

AbstractWith the significant increase of traffic monitoring camera systems, the debate on their safety, effectiveness and Constitutionality has increased. The purpose of this research is to make arguments from each side of the issue and then compare statistics on the subject in order to make a determination of whether these systems are more sound or detrimental to public safety, and whether public interest or financial gain is the core component in the implementation of the camera systems.Over the aside decade, American citizens have seen an increasingly common sight the onslaught of electronic monitoring devices being placed at traffic light-hearteds and intersections with the sole purpose of transcription driver behavior to issue citations all in the name of safety (Federal Highway Administration Safety, n.d.). The proliferation of these traffic safety cameras, which has spread in unprecedented amount to ever-smaller towns (Smile, youre on camera, 2009), is undoubtedly contr oversial, and has sparked much debate between citizens, legislatures, police departments, federal agencies, and civil rights groups (Burnett, 1998). Besides the debate on whether or non the cameras, and the citations that are issued to the registe ruby-red vehicle owner based upon the recorded information, are constitutional, (or whether they simply constitute an Orwellian invasion of privacy), the widely-accepted premise that the cameras decrease the severity of and/or disallow automobile accidents is also intensely contested. Advocates for the implementation of red light and speed cameras are adamant that the use of such devices deters traffic violations and decreases accidents (City of Johnson City, TN, n.d.). Research supports these claims ... ...guson, S. A., & Farmer, C. M. (2007). Reducing red light running through longer yellow signal timing and red light camera enforcement Results of a field investigation. Retrieved from http//www.stopredlightrunning.comRuby, D. E., & Hobeika, A. G. (2003, Summer). Assessment of red light running cameras in Fairfax County, Virginia. Transportation Quarterly, 57(3), 33-48.Shifflett, G., & Owen, J. (2008, September 22). Red light cameras in the Volunteer State Unsafe, unconstitutional, and unnecessary (Tennessee Center for Policy Research Policy instruct 04-08). Retrieved from The Newspaper www.thenewspaper.comSmile, youre on camera. (2009, November). State Legislatures, 35(2), 11. Retrieved from http//find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.eduThe red-light camera never lies. (2009, November 13). The Hotline. Retrieved from http//find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu.

Traffic Monitoring Camera Systems Essay -- electronic monitoring devic

AbstractWith the significant increase of traffic monitoring camera systems, the debate on their safety, effectiveness and Constitutionality has increased. The purpose of this research is to present arguments from each placement of the issue and then compare statistics on the subject in order to make a determination of whether these systems are more beneficial or mischievous to public safety, and whether public interest or financial gain is the core component in the implementation of the camera systems.Over the past decade, American citizens cause seen an increasingly common sight the onslaught of electronic monitoring devices being placed at traffic lights and intersections with the sole purpose of recording driver port to issue citations all in the name of safety (Federal Highway Administration Safety, n.d.). The proliferation of these traffic safety cameras, which has spread in unprecedented numbers to ever-smaller towns (Smile, youre on camera, 2009), is undoubtedly controve rsial, and has sparked much debate between citizens, legislatures, police departments, federal agencies, and civil rights groups (Burnett, 1998). Besides the debate on whether or not the cameras, and the citations that are issued to the registered fomite owner based upon the recorded information, are constitutional, (or whether they simply constitute an Orwellian invasion of privacy), the widely-accepted premise that the cameras decrease the severity of and/or prevent automobile accidents is besides intensely contested. Advocates for the implementation of red light and speed cameras are adamant that the use of such devices deters traffic violations and decreases accidents (City of Johnson City, TN, n.d.). Research supports these claims ... ...guson, S. A., & Farmer, C. M. (2007). Reducing red light test through longer yellow signal timing and red light camera enforcement Results of a field investigation. Retrieved from http//www.stopredlightrunning.comRuby, D. E., & Hobeika, A . G. (2003, Summer). Assessment of red light running cameras in Fairfax County, Virginia. Transportation Quarterly, 57(3), 33-48.Shifflett, G., & Owen, J. (2008, September 22). Red light cameras in the Volunteer State Unsafe, unconstitutional, and unnecessary (Tennessee Center for Policy Research Policy Brief 04-08). Retrieved from The Newspaper www.thenewspaper.comSmile, youre on camera. (2009, November). State Legislatures, 35(2), 11. Retrieved from http//find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.eduThe red-light camera never lies. (2009, November 13). The Hotline. Retrieved from http//find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu.

Ngocdung

1) Globalization has been enabled by A) innovation. B) technological progress. C) increased population. D) all of the above. E) A and B argon correct. 2) Which of the following events interrupted Globalization 2. 0? A) The Great Depression B) World War I C) World War II D) All of the above. 3) During Globalization 1. 0, ________ were the primary entities ball-shapedizing. A) individuals and lessened groups B) families C) countries D) companies 4) During Globalization 3. 0, ________ were the primary entities globalizing. A) individuals and small groups B) families C) countries D) companies 5) The fall of the Berlin WallA) marked the end of the Cold War. B) opened up new markets for products. C) gave companies access to a talented labor pool. D) All of the above. 6) The first mainstream wind vane browser was called A) Netscape B) Opera. C) Firefox. D) net profit Explorer. 7) De facto standards contributing to Globalization 3. 0 include all of the following EXCEPT A) Microsoft Wor d. B) Adobe Acrobat. C) PayPal. D) eBay. 8) Web sites allowing users to add, remove, or edit content are called A) wikis. B) blogs. C) browsers. D) online diaries. 9) Wal-Mart has recently introduced ________ tags into their supply chain.A) price B) anti-theft C) RFID D) CSID 10) Companies setting up entire factories in China is an example of A) offshoring. B) outsourcing. C) in-sourcing. D) on-shoring. 11) ________ refers to the delegation of a companys core operations to a subcontractor that specializes in that operation. A) Offshoring B) Outsourcing C) In-sourcing D) On-shoring 12) Assembly plants located on the Mexican side of the U. S. -Mexican border are called A) Mexinanitas. B) Maquiladoras. C) Manufactorias. D) Fabricados. 13) Which of the following is not a service that is being outsourced? A) Preparation of tax returnsB) predict support C) Reading of X-rays D) All of the activities above can be outsourced. 14) Which of the Asian outsourcing close countries has the high est relative geopolitical risk? A) China B) Malaysia C) Philippines D) Thailand 15) Which of the following American outsourcing destination countries has the highest English proficiency? A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Costa Rica D) Mexico 16) Which of the following is a reason for companies to outsource business activities? A) To reduce clipping to market B) To increase bidding efficiencies C) To outsource noncore activities D) All of the above. 7) ________, the reversal of outsourcing to overseas locations, encompasses the use of locations closer to the home country in terms of geographical, political, linguistic, economic, or cultural distance. A) Inshoring. B) Nearshoring. C) Offshoring. D) Backshoring. 18) Which of the following is NOT considered a geoeconomic challenge of operating in a digital knowledge domain? A) Demographic B) Expertise C) Time zone differences D) Internet access 19) The EU data bulwark directive is an example of which type of challenge? A) Political system B ) Regulatory C) Data sharing D) Individual freedom 0) Differences in network infrastructures throughout the world are an example of which type of challenge? A) Internet access and individual freedom B) Infrastructure related reliability C) Regulatory D) Political system 21) ________ are government-imposed fees to regulate the flow of goods and services in and out of a country A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 22) A(n) ________ is a type of export regulation concerning the flow of goods and services, typically hold (or prohibiting) trade with one particular country. A) export regulation B) embargo C) tariff D) quota 23) The U. S. overnment attempts to isolate the Cuban government economically using A) export regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 24) ________ are order at limiting the export of certain goods to other countries. A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 25) Products such as missile or encryption technology underlie A) e xport regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 26) ________ are regulations permitting foreign businesses to export only a certain number of products to a specific country. A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 27) Foreign companies such as Toyota are producing goods in the U.S. to decrease the effect of A) export regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 28) The EU data protection directive limits A) Internet freedom. B) personal rights to access data. C) transborder data flows. D) electronic commerce. 29) Which of the flowing countries is NOT considered enemy of the Internet by the Reporters without Borders? A) Belarus B) Thailand C) Vietnam D) North Korea 30) Which of the following outsourcing destinations has the lowest average annual salary for experienced programmers? A) India B) Philippines C) Malaysia D) China 31) Dimensions on which cultures differ includeA) uncertainty avoidance. B) concept of time. C) purport concentrate. D) all of th e above. 32) ________ is a cultural characteristic emphasizing the importance of the collective/group over the individual in society. A) Collectivism B) Power distance C) scruple avoidance D) Group think 33) ________ is a cultural characteristic that reflects the extent to which a culture has a longer- or shorter-term orientation. A) carriage focus B) Concept of time C) Time focus D) Punctuality 34) ________ is a cultural characteristic emphasizing the importance of the individual over the collective/group in society. A) Life focus B) IndividualismC) Selfishness D) Egocentrism 35) ________ is a cultural characteristic related to how different societies view authority and hierarchical structures. A) Power distance B) Obedience C) Obesity D) Authoritarianism 36) ________ reflects compass point to which a society is characterized by masculine qualities, such as assertiveness, or by feminine characteristics, such as nurturance. A) Masculinity/femininity B) Assertiveness C) Nurturance D) Life focus 37) ________ is a cultural characteristic related to the risk-taking nature of a culture. A) Risk aversion B) Uncertainty avoidance C) Fear of future consequences D) Risk pursuit 8) ________ reflects the extent to which a culture focuses on the quantity versus the quality of liveness. A) Life focus B) Life center C) Quantity of life orientation D) Quality of life orientation 39) Which of the following countries ranks highest in individualism? A) Australia B) Austria C) Mexico D) Peru 40) Which of the following is most likely to be considered a domestic company? A) Insurance company B) Car shaper C) Consumer goods company D) Barber shop 41) A ________ business strategy is best suited for operation in markets differing widely. A) multidomestic B) global C) multinational D) All strategies are every bit well suited. 2) Which of the following is a weakness of the multidomestic business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to c ontrovert to local market conditions C) Difficult to do by D) Personnel overhead 43) Which of the following is a weakness of the global business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to react to local market conditions C) Difficult to manage D) Personnel overhead 44) Which of the following is a weakness of the transnational business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to react to local market conditionsC) Difficult to manage D) Personnel overhead 45) A multidomestic information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 46) A global information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 47) A transnational information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 48) A ________ informati on systems strategy is characterized by multiple networks between the home office and the subsidiaries.A) global B) transnational C) multinational D) hybrid 49) A ________ information systems strategy is characterized by local databases. A) global B) transnational C) multidomestic D) hybrid 50) A ________ information systems strategy is characterized by data sharing between the home office and the subsidiaries. A) global B) transnational C) multinational D) hybrid Chap 2 1E 2D 3C 4A 5D 6A 7D 8A 9C 10A 11C 12B 13D 14C 15C 16D 17B 18D 19C 20B 21C 22B 23B 24A 25A 26D 27D 28C 29B 30A 31D 32A 33B 34B 35A 36A 37B 38A 39A 40D 41A 42A 43B 44C 45B 46A 47C 48A 49C 50A

Case study of a person with alzheimer’s disease

The word doddering brings to most people in our society an image of homeless, serviceless, forlorn derelicts inhabiting park benches, slum hotels, nursing homes and a nonher(prenominal) institutional ghettos. The of age(p) and aging population is poised to be the center of attention in the coming years since the Baby Boom generation cast down out be retiring. Consequently, these retired individuals shall be experiencing the unalike problems that come with the concept of aging and that is their quality of tone is disturbed as they atomic number 18 hampered by inveterate illnesses or chronic physical injure, depression or simply just the inability to perform several be quickivities of daily living.(Understanding Aging as a Social Process 2005). These extra tasks must be performed well by an individual or else he or she may be classified as disabled. And this disability is the one bribe that every aging person in America faces. According to Erik Erikson, each of us passes thru eight psycho-social stages in our life where we are all faced with a crisis. The last two stages in a mans life, middle adulthood and the aging years leave alone be precautionfully discussed in this answer paper, and the life of real-life models will be revealed to verify if Eriksons theories are upright.The elderly face the crisis of integrity versus despair. This paper is based on an actual interview with an 88-year sometime(a) male who is showing premature signs of the Alzheimers ailment. This paper looks into the plight of the elderly population and presents the different ways they are presently treated and are seen as a kind of abuse of this sector of the population. It also hopes to start a momentum and take a conscious effort for those who are able to act for these individuals and represent them and their varying plights for a better quality of life.The Case of Paul, male, 88 years aging with Alzheimers Disease Paul, who now is 88 years old, has resentments ju st about his accomplishments. He did not finish any degree and just marries with 6 sons and daughters who are also unfulfilled like him. He has grand daughters and grand sons who resist in the identical neighborhood with him. He still has unfulfilled dreams and desires because of stagnation during his juvenileer days. He would always say Life has been hard, thats why. By nature, the old man is a jolly and funny person but behind his words, you can feel a trace of sadness and frustration on how life had been hard on him. Instead of dreaming more, he would prefer to look up to younger folks who have been successful so far with their life. He would prefer telling stories about other people, cracking jokes about his friends, unable to talk much about his own accomplishments because inside him, he feels he has not achieved much in life. Alzheimers disease is manifesting in Paul now. He fumbles with his hands and is quite mentally incapable of being consistently coherent.Constantly nee ding assurance, I patron him to understand how his clothes look good on him and he beams radiantly at the compliment, eyes and face crinkling. He is forgetful now, peering into my face and asking who I am even if I am his niece. He appreciates how I talk to him so kindly. I focus on what he needs in the process, how the he seems to be coping with his life, what sort of help he is seeking, what sort of help he may need, and my ability to participate in the helping process with him, stipulation his needs. During the time I spend with him, I managed quite well in relating with him verbally most of the time.He had lucid moments at times but was quite conversant(predicate) during other times that kept me on my feet in terms of history and other interesting topics that would often crop up during our conversation. Talking with him involved an synergetic process based on certain fundamental principles in counseling and communication. The interactive process with the elderly can be based on a generic model of helping such that of Egan (1975). His model for counseling and communications includes three stages wherein the person is expected to begin with self-exploration, move to deeper levels of self-understanding and finally to develop a plan of action.While engaging him in an active verbal conversation, he describes his past life. He forgets the name of his eldest child but that is all right. I help him differentiate conditions of the past from conditions of the present so that a clearer understanding of attitudes and behaviors emerge. I was able to build the trust needed in this kind of session, and at the same time help the client focus on concrete concerns about which he personally must make. Then, I use that trust that has been built to get involved more potently in helping him understand himself.I now respond not just to what he says but also to what he implies. intellectual and Emotional Condition The mental and emotional condition of old people is a major is sue in designing for the welfare of the elderly. Often, aging is associated with change magnitude depression, loneliness and lower self-esteem as old people begin to be unable to do the usual activities they do while they were still young and strong. The need to move out of ones home also adds to the emotional issues that the senior may be facing.It becomes apparent that facilities and environments created specifically for the elderly should put up mental and emotional well-being, aside from addressing the general wellness and medical needs of these people. Developmental Theories According to Erik Erikson, each of us passes thru eight psycho-social stages in our life where we are all faced with a crisis. The last two stages in a mans life, middle adulthood and the aging years will be fearfully discussed in this reaction paper, and the life of real-life models will be revealed to verify if Eriksons theories are right.The aging years of any person are a time when he or she any fee ls fulfilled and satisfied, or becomes in despair this is the age of 65 and above. Usually, those who have fulfilled their social roles satisfactorily in middle-adulthood are those who become happy and active until their last days on earth. Those who have failed with their dreams and social roles are the ones who have poor health and illnesses in their old age. During this time, an individual asks himself if he has lived well.If he looks support with regret, it is an indication that his failures overpower his achievements. Meanwhile, throne (1968) modified Eriksons last stage, ego integrity, which he elaborated into two patient of periods middle age and old age. Peck subdivided each of these periods again into stages and said that these stages may occur in a different time sequence for different individuals and thus do not imply sequentiality. The theme of transcendence iterated by Peck appears in the thinking of several other life span developmental theorists.For example, Erikso n (1950, 268) says of the individual in Stage 8 He knows that an individual life is the accidental coincidence of but one life-cycle with but one segment of history. Pecks ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation puts it as this, The constructive way of living the late years might be defined in this way To live so generously and unselfishly that the prospect of personal deaththe night of the ego, it might be calledlooks and feels less important than the secure friendship that one has built for a broader, longer future than any one ego ever could encompass. Nuances of the Alzheimers Disease The Alzheimers Disease Fact sheet of paper of the National Institute on Aging explains in detail the Alzheimers Disease. It is under the Alzheimers Disease Education and Referral Center and defines first the word as a brain disorder that seriously makes a person unable to carry on with his activities. It then clarifies that the most common form of dementia among the elderly is Alzheimers disea se (AD). This is a disease that involves particular portions of the brain that controls thought, memory and language.To date, this disease is still incurable and most experts are at a exhalation as to what causes it. Basically, this site contain valuable information about the disease including contact persons and their telephone numbers and locations so that one can easily jaw with those who are equip to handle and give advice. Clarifying further, this disease begins after age 60, increasing with age. Discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German doctor who notice that there were changes in the tissues of an old woman who died of an unusual mental illness.Upon closer inspection, it revealed clumps called amyloid plaques and bundles of fibers called a neurofibrillary tangle that is a sure sign of AD. (Alzheimers disease Fact Sheet. National Institute on Aging). The NIH Senior Health website provides links to the disease, its causes and risk factors, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment s and a site on Frequently Asked Questions. The elderly and aging population in the United States is increasing ever more and such ill-effects of old age occur more often such as injuries, disabilities, emotional pain and worst-case scenario, suicide.Without any participatory work done by the ones who are able-bodied, the elderly of America might not be as safe and as well-taken care of as they should be. Bottom line is that the quality of life of elderly people should not be compromised just because they have already finished their foremost parting to society through hard labor. With one click, one is led to make more discoveries in the process. (NIH Senior Health). There are newer ways of spotting early symptoms of the disease from McCoys (2006) research.When water molecules move throughout the brain when it is damaged, then this processes of cellular damage can cause an increase in the apparent dissemination coefficient which measures the amount of water in the brain. (McCoy, 200 6). Friedland (2004) stated that estimates show that there will be more aging individuals requiring long-term care than people, whether family members or hired caregivers, who will take care of the senior citizens.He added that family caregivers need all the help they can get to provide care, including purchasing modifications to the home, purchasing labor-enhancing and labor-saving technologies, and figuring out how best to ruffle caregivers into their homes (Friedland, 2004, 2). The issue of the effectiveness of the healthcare and housing systems for those with Alzheimers disease is also important to consider. According to Lawler (2001), the current challenge is in the integration of the housing with the health care strategies for the elderly.She added that most of the current inefficiencies in the delivery of aging services occur during the provision of both overcare, providing more housing or health care than required, and undercare, when inadequate service provision compounds problems and increases expense (p. 1). To address the health needs of the aging population, the American Dietetic Association ADA (2000) promoted the provision of a broad stray of culturally appropriate food and nutrition services, physical activities, and health and supportive care customized to accommodate the variations within this expanding population of older adults (p.580). The association also maintain that medical and supportive services, including culturally sensitive food and nutrition services that are appropriate to levels of independence, diseases, conditions, and functional ability, are key components of the continuum of care (p. 580). Conclusion The right kind of assessment is the cornerstone of treatment and care for those individuals afflicted with Alzheimers disease. Because assessment is so critical, clinicians must be certain that the models or principles that guide the information collection and analysis lead to the richest possible view, of the client as a p erson.A person with Alzheimers disease who comes to treatment with a history of successes and failures, traumas and satisfying experiences a person with a culture that influences values, beliefs, and norms a person with psychological archives that have shaped the individuals personality and patterned his or her interactions a person who lives in an environment that imposes conditions on the quality of life a person with an enduring drive to bring order to the world, to reduce the anxiety that accompanies psychological unrest, and to experience competency in valued activities.These dimensions of a persons life, singularly and in interaction with each other, constitute the baggage of the client that must be considered in the assessment process. The drive to deal with a clients difficulties without taking stock of this larger context will probably result in ineffective treatment strategies because the clinicians understanding of the clients problems will be incomplete and the treatmen t plan will lack relevance.Indeed, the aging years of any person are a time when he or she either feels fulfilled and satisfied, or becomes in despair this is the age of 65 and above. Usually, those who have fulfilled their social roles satisfactorily in middle-adulthood are those who become happy and active until their last days on earth. Those who have failed with their dreams and social roles are the ones who have poor health and illnesses in their old age. During this time, an individual asks himself if he has lived well. If he looks back with regret, it is an indication that his failures overpower his achievements.Elder care is significant since people over the age of 65 are usually prone to, and may be suffering from diseases, sometimes multiple diseases, and they would need to be accorded assistance somehow, although the assistance is in varying degrees. Frailty, diseases and disability are often correlated with old age. REFERENCES Alzheimers disease. NIH Senior Health. Retri eved Nov. 7, 2006 at http//nihseniorhealth. gov/alzheimersdisease/toc. html Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York. Norton. Friedland, R. B.Caregivers and long-term care needs in the 21st century will public policy meet the challenge? Georgetown University long-run Care Financing Project. McCoy, K. (2006). New Technique Might Help Diagnose Alzheimers Disease. Retrieved Nov. 7, 2006 at http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_39170. html Peck, R. (1968). Psychological developments in the second one-half of life. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed. ) Middle age and aging. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Understanding Aging as a Social Process. (2005) Retrieved Nov. 7, 2006 at http//www. roxbury. net/esgch1. pdf

Post-War Germany Comparison and Problems

Post-war Germany comparison and problems of stinting development Through the previous essay describes, we knew Germany from baifeidaixing status later the war to posterior return to the indexful countries of the human race. Need a lot of qualified patronize, in which the governance plays a crucial utilization. This is why defeated Germany to exclude again, and the victory of the coup conduct soil had lost its dominance. The fate of both kinds of frugal One of the most significant features in the history of western hemisphereern Europe later the war in West Germany and the unify soil of great contrasts on economicalalal development.Germany a generation in their own fate had experienced twice in the carri climb on of the vanquished the cities were destroyed and up-to-dateness harm, male labour force is either kil conduct or being held in prisoner of war camps, transport and service infrastructure had been all in all destroyed. opus the unite land was only a cl ear victory in the second world war in Europe. Aside from being subjected to barrage fire and personnel injury, a United Kingdom structures throughout the country such as roads, railways, docks, industrial and mining enterprises have survived in the war in its entirety.However, by the premature 1960 s, the Federal Germany began to flourish, as Europes economic power, and the United Kingdom have delayed development of economic growth is lagging far behind separate countries in Western Europe. According to the 1960 s economic growth statistics, Germanys economic growth rate was 9%, and United Kingdom for 2. 6%, with the exception of Ireland removed the United Kingdom became the s subaltern development of the create countries. In 1958, the West German frugality is more than the United Kingdom.In the eyes of many observers, United Kingdom is becoming Europes patients. The fate of the two distinct and with ironic, today it seems actually educative. 1950 s Germany an economic miracl e the buttground lies in its 1930 revival plan. The Nazis had invested a large amount of monetary and material resources in communication, arms, vehicles, optics, chemical fabrication and non-ferrous metals and light engines were originally part of a war scrimping, only if 20 years later took effect. Economist Ludwig Wilhelm Erhards genial commercialize economy theory as Germany as provided vigorous support, in fact, policy-making and assembly line young talent of the post-war West Germany emerged initially were Nazi officials. Germany great dealiness critical infrastructure is non damaged in the war. The early 1950, manufacturing companies, banks, insurance companies, wholesalers and recovery operations, providing products and services to foreign securities industrys. Even Germany mark rising failed to hinder Germany economic development that he subjugate the import cost of raw materials, except in that respect is no limit on foreign Germany product demand, Germany is a last value, technologically advanced goods.They win depends on quality, rather than price. Whats more, in the first decades after World War I, they had little competition Sweden, and French and the Netherlands who wants to buy several(prenominal) engines product or tool who, in addition to from Germany purchases, had no choice. Power of suppliers higher than buyers power. By introducing an industry can learn about circumstances. In 1960, the Germany locomote manufacturing because of quality and reliable engine has won inter bailiwick prestige.Stuttgarts Mercedes-Benz and BMW in Munich near-monopoly on the premium-car market, first at home, then continuously overseas. The Bonn Government to openly support the industry, providing early support preferential loans to them, and to encourage cooperation between banks and enterprises, to Germany companies provide cash enthronisations . Volkswagen as early as 1945 completes the infrastructure. And ilk many other industries in We st Germany after the war, Volkswagen benefited from a free market economy, it has not suffered a loss of competition. Volkswagen in 1939 before access to a steady stream of resources.It worked for the Nazi, war and military credit line service, because when the coalition Government from relocating a public company, its toil subject matter has been naturalised before the war, so no further investitures can be put into payoff after the war. United Kingdom also has the national entrust industries, Morris, Austin independent car makers, such as a merger of the British labor Corporation, British Motor Corporation and subsequently integrated into the Leyland Motor Corporation, peculiar(a)izing in United Kingdom Leyland cars. By the year 1980, Leyland Motor Company franchised United Kingdom featured automobile products.And Germany manufacturer, United Kingdom auto makers are increasingly touch on with overseas markets. However the outcome is completely different. After the secon d world war, successive United Kingdom Government have urged car companies try to sell vehicles overseas in order to attract foreign exchange net profit to off habilitate the huge war debt owed by the State. (Tony Judt writes in the PostwarA History of Europe Since 1945, the Governments export target is at the end of the 1940 s, United Kingdom production of automobile exports to 75% per cent of the total production).Some companies in order to quickly increase production and even wilful neglect of quality management. Initially, United Kingdom cars of poor quality and did not have a negative impact. United Kingdom company has monopolized the market United Kingdom orders in domestic help and European markets far exceeds the supply. Manufacturers on the production of the European continent is not United Kingdom matchs 1949 United Kingdom production total production for the bus than in other European countries (Robert ,1995) However, with the passage of age, United Kingdom car indus try the low quality and reputation for poor service.Other States car lot itemisation types to choose from, European people do not buy United Kingdom cars any more . When the British decided to upgrade the auto industry, and production lines to improve modernized equipment, United Kingdom, car companies could not like Germany companies as cash investments and loans from the banks. They cannot look to get help from the Government for assistance. However, in London, under political pressure, in order to obey the decision of the local government and to reassure the local politicians and trade union organizations, they have to build in undeveloped agrestic areas distribution centre .In 1968, the United Kingdom of the Leyland Motor Corporation was under 60 different plants. United Kingdom Government policy make manufacturers very negative. After the war, Government in accordance with the manufacturers market share before the war to them very small amount of iron and steel, the past mode of economic development in many industries to be frozen. Security of supply is not in place, a false high demand and political pressure. Eventually led to the United Kingdom car industry go bankrupt.By the year 1970, Europe and Japan automotive manufacturers began art of the British market, and on the quality and price find the United Kingdom. The 70 s oil crisis, United Kingdom joined the European Community, and the United Kingdom finally protected market disappeared because of a backsliding of colonial, which eventually destroyed the United Kingdom independent of the automotive industry. United Kingdom independent auto industry decline and ultimate demise, largely on behalf of United Kingdom general course of economic development.United Kingdom economy arent so bad at the outset Roger in The British economy since 1945 harming with in the debate pointed out that the 1951 United Kingdom is Europes major manufacturing centers, total production was Germany and France and twice tim es. United Kingdom achieving replete(p) employment, and economic development has been bumper-to-bumper than other countries, but also in the growth phase. United Kingdoms payments crisis, mainly from 6 years to fight Germany and Japan accumulate huge debts owed by, in addition, to support effective defense form after the war and the substantial expenditure.In 1955 defense spending as a share of national income of 8. 2%, Germany spending little than United Kingdom half. (Roger,2000) . In the 1950 sterling was overvalued, United Kingdom it would be difficult to sell enough overseas products, to make up for Sterling against the dollars semipermanent deficit. As an island nation, United Kingdom is totally dependent on imported food and plenty of raw materials, in the history of United Kingdom relies altogether on the Commonwealth took over control of privileged markets to make up for this disadvantage.Two forces of conflict Through the comparison of the above we can see that in th e special period of government intervention in the economy, Germany has achieved a successful amicable market economy path, but the process was not smooth sailing. Basic police of the Federal Republic of Germany came into effect on May 24, 1949, section 2,3,9,12,14 providesMust have its boundaries the State in managing the economy. Thus, negating the centralized economic management system.Mission mainly in the framework of the provisions of the countrys economic order and checks and balances and manage conflict that is dismissd at the familiarity level. States should not intervene directly in labour conflicts, but must develop a legal framework for labour relations into a certain amount of redistribution through the tax and kind policy implementation. (Overy,2003). out-of-pocket to the inclusion of companionable and market two elements, that is, the balance between economic and sociable development, therefore, inevitable in the process of economic development, there were two rival of heterogeneous elements.When this counter is functioning as a complementary relationship, economic comebackoff, and when excessive when there is a confrontation between the two complementary, economy allow enter a period of struggling in the doldrums. Politically, the two forces dominated by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the well-disposed Democratic Party (SPD), the two major political parties reflect. Therefore, the actual relationship between these two heterogeneous elements to a large extent associated with the Government party structure.Back to post-war Germany economic course, followed before and after can be divided into three stages the CDUs ruling period of economic developmentThe social construction of social republican party in powerCompeting with each other in economic overcometurn. I. Construction of market-oriented economy Postwar Germany, devastated. Economic reconstruction is a priority. Before the advent of the first Government, as the autocr atic body management Frankfurt Economist (Frankfurter Wirtschaftsrat) made it clear that the direction of economic development is sharp weakening of government intervention, strongly stimulating market vitality.The 1949 election, in favour of market mechanism and economic regulation of the CDU was pushed on the first stage of the Government, Ludwig Erhard became Economics look. Thus, Germany within the framework of the social market economy has embarked on a road of economic rehabilitation of maximize the free market energy. General policy cancel rationing imposed by the occupation authorities after the war, reducing economic regulation, the maximum possible to liberalize markets. Management of absolute respect for the law of Economics, strongly resisted non-economic factors adverse intervention in the economy.Initially, by currency re radiation pattern cleared after all economic ties with the Nazi era, liberalize prices lead to higher prices are the direct problems. The Government has not taken any administrative intervention, but by economic means, namely by monetary tightening and reducing tax rates to stimulate investment and productivity, such as keeping enterprises working capital, worker overtime zero income tax. As soon as production increases, increased incomes for the people. With the formation of the market mechanism, the number of competition, companies are more and more rational, idle workers in large numbers there.Faced with this smirch, the Government did not change its policies, mandatory intervention, but the use of economic instruments. While in May 1949, by State help to enable Bank discount rate from 5% to 4% per cent,to further stimulate domestic investmentThe other egest for the international market (mainly the United Kingdom and France) price increases, on September 19 active devaluation of the Deutsche 20% in order to ascension exports. (James, 1998). Soon, production should rise further, unemployment pressure has been effective ly alleviated.As the June 1950 the Korean peninsula crisis occurs, a hoard purchase occurred in West Germany, prices rose, also accompanied by an increase in imports. At the akin time, unemployment rates begin to rise. In this case, the forces of planned economies began requiring synchronization in response to price increases to pay. This was at the request of demagoguery, but economy Minister Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard did not waver but continued to adhere to the principles of a market economy. In his view, the market economy can be achieved through improved productivity and wages.Corresponding to this, he right off withdraw liquidity, raise the minimum reserve amount, limit the discount, the discount rate from 4% per cent to 6%, and mortgage rate from 5% per cent to 7%per cent. Soon, in 1951, the second quarter, a turnaround occurs, exports began to outpace imports. Improvement in the relationship between supply and demand rise in prices has been contained. The unemployment rate bega n to decrease again. (James, 1998). Economic and political success of CDU and easily won the general election of 1953. Since then, Federal Germany economy enters a period of fast development, and lasted until 1958.In the meantime, other force of society could only be achieved with the acoustic echo. Economic policies so widely recognized, on the one hand due to the economic imperative of the age ofAlso while stimulating the economy, because the Government did not take the British and American models or free economy model of the Weimar period, but consider the social adjustment and social construction in a timely manner, and effectively and this regulation into economic construction construction operation auxiliary rather than obstacles.According to Hans-Joachim von Braun , in his book The German economy in the twentieth century, between 1949-1957 and West Germany issued a series of community-building law, such as 1949 s Social Security Balance Act and Emergency Assistance Act, in 1952, introduced a War Loss Balance Act and minimum working conditions tack that law in 1957 and introduced a social security law to the pensions. It can be said that, at this time, no country on Earth like the Federal Germany enacted so many of the social balance and regulation laws.These laws balance social conflicts, peace including internal labour conflicts, thus, for the protective effect of sustained economic development. Erhard was not random came to the practice of the social market economy, but has a clear rationale, is economist Walfer Eucken thought. Eucken advocated the establishment of a free competition and pointing to balanced economic policy. Thus, countries task is to establish an effective market-based. In his view, economic and social issues do not come from between socialism and capitalism, but only from the analysis of the economic order.Therefore, and contrary to Adam Smith, he does not competition as unchanging natural laws, but simply believes that competit ion must be protected as a human freedom. He was also against collective power against private power. It is based on the neo-liberal economic thought, in 1957 the West German Government had established antitrust laws, except transport, mining and metallurgy, banking, insurance, agriculture, and limit the emergence of private monopolies.Because of market mechanisms has been effectively activated, balanced also played a supporting role, and post-war reconstruction full release of enthusiasm. 1959-1966, the West German economy enters a period of high growth, even economic overheating. At this point, the voices of the community there have been improvements in social policy, asking the Government to increase social equilibrium. Erhard also did not yield, because he believes that it is not necessary, not only exceeded the means of, but would also drag graduate the entire economy.He knew that when West German society has differentiated into the various interest groups, and these groups ha ve set out their respective positions to get more benefits from the society or the State, national politics if satisfied by these different interest groups, it would be caught in more or less kind of multivariate dependence mechanisms. In this way, States would lose their capacity for action and fall prey to interest groups. Moreover, he knew, on community-building measures cannot be reversed, once the excessive leave the State the economy is in crisis. So, he does not meet another force in the community of the greater ocial redistribution requirements but to build an ordered societyA community ceased to be contrary to the bearing of class and organizations with each other, but put aside all differences of opinion on the country-cooperation community at root, that is, a building based on community organizations and interests working together. In such a society are included in the social market economy, his cooperative did not have a strong compulsion, but from their own forces, fr om their will, from each other is inseparable from each other is becoming increasingly clearer awareness and understanding. James, 1998) Due to his perseverance and the neo-liberal economic protection at that time, West German economic growth in a continuously high growth in a few years. However, high growth comes immediately after the overheating of imbalance, in late 1966 eventually led to the economic downturn, there is a West German economic recession for the first time in the history of 1966-1967 economic growth rate was-0. 2%. In the 1965 election, SDP vote up votes than the CDU of growth rates.At this point, Erhard with the most total votes remained in coalition with the spare Democratic Party largely the outcome of economic policy disagreements have emerged, resulting in rupture of the ruling coalition, Erhard to cadence down. 1966 Kurt Georg Kiesinger CDU Prime Minister after the failure of coalition talks with the Liberal Democratic Party, and the social antiauthoritari an party form a new Government, but also by the social democratic party who served as economy Minister. Since then, the West German economic progressive efforts to increase social construction of the beginning of a new era.II . Regulation-led period of social construction The new Government soon introduced the so-called economic stabilization policies, main content is strengthening national regulation, such as the accumulation of militia in order to overcome the cyclical economic growthEstablishment of mechanisms for consultations between employers, to exert influence on wageEstablishment of economic calculate and planning systemEnhanced global perspective of macroeconomic regulation and control, and so on.At the same time also raised the slogan of full employment. This passion for criticisms goal just when almost no one objected, but also enjoy the support of a number of authoritative economic theorists,a market economy is not a purely economic order, but a social, moral and et hical element to set up the system. Prior to economic reconstruction, strengthen the market economy, and now, well, it makes perfect sense to take into account social policy construction.Economic growth Advisory Council was established by the Government, and at the same time established national and State mechanisms, both employers and employees sharing information. However, due to the overestimation of the capacity of economic forecast, while the lack of an effective means of control, and while it is difficult to agree on consultations among the parties, the original targets not only to achieve, and increased government spending.In 1967 although the recession be overcome by two government economic stimulus program, and genuine economic improvement since then, in 1969, economic growth rate even reached 8. 2%. But these are not the result of the Governments economic policies, and people thought it was a result of increased government regulation, which enable the country to gain the role to maintain social wellbeing, many up to the question on the State of the marketIn one hand, and the social democratic party in the peoples advancement.The 1969 elections, when all major parties decline in almost all of the votes, only the social democratic partys tally has improved significantly. Apparently, there was an increasing number of voters tend to national social equilibrium. The Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Democratic Party form a new Government, the social democratic party who Willv Brandt as Prime Minister, by the social democratic party who served as Economics Minister also, Karl Schiller, followed by Helmut Schmidt.After the formation of the new Government was fully pursued a policy of State, whereby the State stepped in to control the national economy and social life on the one hand, in stimulating the economy and to overcome the unemployment rate started to ignore market means on the issue, will mainly focus on the national financeThe other hand, ar e pushing relies primarily on community-building process of State financial benefits. End of 1972, the West German social policy had reached unusual heights.This makes the State finances a huge deficit for the first time. Lucky is that started in the late 1960 s, West Germany enterprise, productivity has been increased significantly, making statistical figures sharpen overall growth of the national economy. Thus, the community generally have a feeling, the Social Democratic Party Governments national policies focus on peoples living standards and welfare, concerned about the growth of the national economy through hard intervention, that there is nothing wrong.Such results on the one hand allows to continue the ruling social democratic party along with the established policy of the Government to move onWe will also respect economic laws, market-oriented mechanisms of voice is not up, many incisive economic problems do not have enough attention, such as productivity while improvin g the overall economic growth, presents promote consumption issues, and led to the production of consumption in a new situation.At that time the Government was not trying to deal with, but, as always, will focus on the macro-control and promoting the welfare of the process. 1973 oil crisis pompousness have gotten even up to 7%, to the collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system of determined exchange rates for content, followed by the worldwide economic crisis has also affected the West Germany. In 1975, the West German economy fell to its lowest point all sectors of the economy crisis, an unprecedented slowdown in economic growth, the unemployment rate reached a record high, the 1974-1975 recession.Even under such adverse economic circumstances, the Government is also trying to implement macro-economic control and community-building, only between 1970-1975, West Germany State welfare spending has doubled . Which makes the budget deficit rising at an alarming rate. So the poor economic situation and irrational acts of States when the community was aware of the error of excessive value State regulation and welfare. The 1976 election results made it clear that former excessive grandness to macro-control and social policy has begun on the construction of public discontent.Thus, the Government began to change economic policy, no macro-economic control, but to enable the market mechanism to make an adjustment, Germany Marks fixed exchange rate with the US dollar has been cancelled opportunities, linked with productivity growth and stable price level over the medium term the currency merchant policies In this way, by controlling the money supply causes lack of marks on the market, and thus marks compared to the appreciation of the dollar more than 1 time, then rapid import growth.Strong marks and imports quicken first oil crisis impact on West Germany obviously failed to other Western countries, especially inflation significantly smaller than othe r countries, which makes rapid upgrading of West Germanys position in the world. Facing export difficulties arising therefrom, the State did not conduct a mandatory intervention, but to use market mechanisms to bring West German industrial structure transformation themselves, enhance the market competitiveness of products, such as those of traditional labor-intensive industries such as coal, textile, shipbuilding, iron and steel industry gradually atrophy.This structural transformation will allow the industry to release a lot of unemployed persons of the community, but the Government in view of the inherent law of economic development, or stick to the policies. Therefore, West Germany began in 1976 and continued economic growth. Although in 1979 and there is a second world-wide oil crisis, but the stronger mark makes the impact on Western Germany is significantly less than other Western countries, which increases the international status of West Germany continued to improve, the Eur opean financial system, Germanys Federal Bank in a leadership position.Precisely because of the success of this session of the Governments economic policy, the 1980 election, LDP votes most improved significantly compared with the other political parties, SPD is only slightly elevated. This clearly shows that new economic policies to save the fate of the Liberal Democratic party coalition Government, as long as the economy is not affected, people wanted the national focus for community-building. In fact, late 60 s benefits to the construction of the second half of the 70 and neer stopped, just slowed.The late 70 and early 80 s, as economic growth and trade union involvement in the enterprise for a rise in a row, both corporate and personal income growth. However, due to the appreciation of the mark and the national framework for intervention persists, investments did not appear accordingly, some enterprises take advantage of the strong mark and cheap labor in foreign countries this should be invested in domestic market began to be moved abroad.This directly lead to the economic recession that began in 1980, inflation and unemployment rate rising rapidly. At that time, the West German economy has experienced continuous recession that began in 1980, and recessions than 1974-1975 that bad. At the 1983 general election, notable decline in number of votes of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party Government to step down, West German economic history on the social welfare of the end of the construction period. (James, 1998)III. Difficult period. When headed by Helmut Kohls CDU in power, immediately offered to go back to era of Erhards road to a social market economy, but also admits this is not entirely dependent on market mechanisms. Clear specific policies to reduce government spending and to stimulate investment as a core. On October 1, 1983 starts austerity plans, such as reducing the amount of childcare support, w as in infirmary and nursing homes are no longer exclusively by the State a full payment, individuals must be part of the burden.These initiatives reduced national social expenditure only reduces new issuance of government bonds, but not to have total accumulated national debt reduction, because the national welfare systems have been set up, it has been used and tasted States contemplated social welfare benefits. Therefore, reducing State spending, refers only to reduce the amount of newly issued Government bonds, rather than simply to reduce the national debt as a whole.In order to improve the financial situation of the country, Kohl Government also initiated the privatization of State-owned enterprises, such as postal services, telecommunications, energy, and later raised the sales tax. These harmonize national fiscal revenue has significantly improved. But after building up huge social welfare, financial situation did not show substantial improvement. Thus, in stimulating investme nt in the Kohl Government would attempt to relieve pressure on enterprises through tax reform, but, under pressure from bad financial situation in the country could not take too much action.Fortunate is that international economic situation improved after the Kohl Government came into power, in particular the United States and Japan, which makes the already high level of internationalization of West Germany economy through foreign trade rises pick up right away. With the devaluation of the dollar, beginning in 1985, the rapid growth in imports, prices began to drop, growth in domestic demand. From 1983 to 1990, West Germanys overall economic growth rate from five began to grow to the end of the 80 s 2% and per cent in 1990.However, the improved little from the internal market, because profits faster than investment growth during this period. Second half of the 80, investment has also accelerated growth, but unemployment does not appear synchronized better. It is clear that the growt h largely from domestic enterprises to invest overseas. Kohl on the economic policy of the Government is in a difficult phase, and for high unemployment and no growth in domestic investment economic growth when frustrated, East German voluntary dissolution, and federal Germany merged.The German reunification is undoubtedly a great blessing for the German nation, but temporary prosperity to Flash briefly. To achieve the transformation, reconstruction of infrastructure and social safety nets in the eastern part, including common revitalization project in the East, and the consolidated fund, all levels of Government transfer payments between the 1990 and the medium-term to the East has over trillion-mark, weighed on Western economies.To raise funds and curb inflation, the Germany Government had to be more than more than 10 times in a row to raise key interest rates. shake up has been brewing for quite some time. Germany economic weakening, mainly because of the welfare system and a se ries of structural reasons. Excessive protection of the social welfare system has pushed up the cost of production, and formed a higher welfare higher taxes under the low growth high liability high cost low growth low investment, a vicious cycle. From the early 1970 s to the late 1990 s, Germany 5. times more than double the increase in welfare expenditure per capita, down to become a drag on economic growth1970, 1980, too protect sunset industries in the industrial structure and the information technology industry research and development keep lagging, its lack of wealth growth force leading leading industryThe lack of flexibility of the system of corporate presidency and incentive mechanism, led by profits, the lack of micro-economic vitalityExcessive fire protection and high unemployment security benefits labour market rigidities and unemployment reduction.Faced with rising unemployment, helpless Government of Helmut Kohl in 1998, replaced by a Government of the Social Demo cratic Party was Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schroder, Schroder economic policy compatible with the two party ideas on the one hand through tax breaks to stimulate investment and consumer demand, dynamic economy.The other hand, in the field of social security, and former advocate of personal responsibility at the same time, try to keep the original treatment, does not increase social security contributions in favour of eco-taxes to fill the gap and promote environmental protection. Now Germany as the third largest economy in the world today, the second-largest exporter, its per capita GDP of more than 27,000 euros.Germany agriculture production value less than 1%, share services near two-thirds, is a highly developed industrial structure to serve the community, its industrial machinery manufacturing, automotive, electronics and chemical industry ledIts national economy by relying heavily on exports, and export share of world total exports of nearly 10%, 70% about trade is concentrated in Eur ope and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, long-term surplus in balance of payments, inflation rate, unemployment rate at around 9%.Looking at the Germany of economic development after the war, at some point, despite the many problems, but judging from the overall economic and social development, was ranked the highest in the world, experience and lessons have left us a precious asset. Reference 1 Braun, Hans-J. The German economy in the twentieth century. London Routledge 1990 2 Berghahn, V. Modern Germany society, economy and politics in the twentieth century. Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1982. 3 Brian,H . Seeking a role the United Kingdom, 1951-1970 . Oxford Clarendon 2009 4 Overy, R Ogilvie, S. Germany a new social and economic history, Vol. 3, Since 1800. London Arnold 2003 5 Roger ,M. The British economy since 1945 engaging with the debate . Basingstoke Macmillan 2000 6 Robert,JBennett,GHorst,Z. Local economic development in Britain and Germa ny. London Anglo-German Foundation 1990. 7 Tony ,J. Postwar A History of Europe Since 1945 . London Pimlico 2007 .

Printed Circuit Board and Acme

Introduction tip Electronics and ezed Electronics were spin off companies from the real Technological Products of Erie, Pennsylvania that was bought verboten by a Cleveland manufacturer. The two companies were in the business of manufacturing printed circuit boards. peak Electronics retained its original management while zed Electronics hired a new president but upgraded several people within the plant. Both companies being in the same line of business and geographically close to each other often competed for business.In 1976, both companies were asked by a major photocopy manufacturer to produce 100 prototype depot units that would be used in a new experimental copier. The company with the winning bid would be awarded the contract to assemble these memory units. They had two weeks to find up with the prototypes. This paper examines the different goals pursued by Acme and Omega, their impact and strategies used to achieve the goals. It also looks at effectiveness of both meth ods used as well as the best results from the company that got the winning bid. AnalysisIt is clear from the case that the two companies had different goals. Omegas goals seemed to be excellent privileged processes and employee atonement whereas Acmes goals were profits that came from operations being run very efficiently. Top management in any organization usually sets the outline and communicates it down to the line worker to ensure that the whole organization was working together to achieve common goals. This was no different at the two organizations above. Acmes president credited his organizations success and effectiveness to the high degree of efficiency they were able to achieve.This was because employees had clear cut responsibilities and narrowly defined jobs that led to high performance. Omegas president on the other hand had great emphasis on employee relations. As soon as Acme got the blueprints, they divided the work among the different departments and each went off to work diligently but with no contact with other departments. This caused problems early on in the throw as the different departments were acting like little organizational silos not sharing information or challenges they were facing.The end result was that Acme delivered the prototypes late and had a 10% defect rate but was within budget. Omega got the blueprints and immediately created cross-functional teams that worked together on the project. Even though they encountered similar problems as Acme, they were able to quickly resolve them and deliver the prototypes on time and with zero defects. At first it seemed like Omega would automatically win the bid but it turned out that Acme delivered at a lower cost and the contract was split between both firms with clear instructions to reduce final costs and economise zero defects.In the end, the final contract was awarded to Acme due to their extensive cost-cutting efforts that saw them realize a 20% reduction in unit cost. Their goals emphatically helped them win the contract because as the president had stated their structure was best suited for high volume manufacture of printed circuits and their subsequent assembly. This created great high performance resulting in great efficiency and profits. Although they had problems in the initial stages, their presidents constant interaction with the client helped them out.He obviously handled the external relationship better. thickset In conclusion, both companies were effective in their own way. This is because they are pursuing different goals. Acme managed to stay highly efficient and win the contract whereas Omega maintained the high level of employee satisfaction. This however could cost them a lot of business in the long run. They should strike a balance between employee satisfaction and delivering on the bottom line.?

Week 1 Knowledge Check

Knowledge Check Week 1The material presented below is not meant to be a comprehensive list of all you aim to know in the content study. Rather it is a starting point for building your knowledge and skills. Additional study materials atomic number 18 recommended in each area below to help you master the material. Personalized Study Guide Results Score 12 / 12 Concepts Mastery Questions Pricing Decisions 100% grocery store Systems 100% Market Equilibrium 100% Concept Pricing Decisions Mastery 100% Questions 1 . Revenue increases when A. roducer surplus increases Correct Producer surplus is the difference between the stripped-down expense the producer is willing to receive and what they actually receive. The surplus is their profit, and the larger the surplus, the greater their profit on the good. When it decreases, the producer receives a price closer to the token(prenominal) acceptable. The consumer surplus measures what the consumer is willing to pay and that prices differe nce from the market price. The closer to the market price, the higher the consumer surplus, as consumers are spending ess than they are willing to, and the slight spent, the lower the revenue will be for the good. Materials Producer Surplus 2 . An increase in the price of an inelastic goods C. increases revenues Correct Inelastic goods are necessities that consumers continue to purchase even when the price increases. This increases the revenue, as more is paid for each good. The piece change in price increases faster than the change in quantity, which may remain constant. When more is paid for a good or a service, revenue increases. Materials Price Elasticity and the Total-Revenue Curve Inelastic Demand 3 . Price elasticity of Demand increases whe C. people become more price sensitive over time Correct Price elasticity of demand measures the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Price elasticity is either inelastic or elastic. As t he price elasticity of demand coefficient rises, price elasticity becomes more elastic. A low price elasticity coefficient relates to an item that has very few substitutes, which causes people to be less sensitive to a change in price, such as in gasoline or medicine (inelastic demand, Ed

Rise of Totalitarianism

At the end of World War I, totalitarianism began to spread off. To keep the countries at peace they created The group discussion Of Nations. It did non execute its duties well, and failed to enforce treaties, and prevent invasions. At the end of the war France designed the Treaty of Versailles to punish Germany, and it caused many problems in Germany. The rise of totalitarianism could turn in been stopped if, the Treaty of Versailles was non as severe, the League of Nations was more effective, and had their not been an economic downfall.The Treaty of Versailles had some harsh regulations. This conformity stated Germany had to pay high reparations, take the diabolic for the war, have land taken from them, have their military reduced, and League of Nations taking over seas colonies. If it was not for this treaty Germany would not have had the rise of Nazism. The main goal of Nazism was to reunite the German speaking people and they could not do that if all the German speaking co untries were spilt up. Alsace Lorraine was taken from Germany and given back to France.Other countries were stripped from Germany and were given to Poland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, and some made self-sustaining countries showing self-determination. All this did was anger the German people, because they blame the signing of the treaty on the people known as the November Criminals. The Weimar Republic did not know who to blame for the defeat and faced many problems similar to that. Revolts permit out and so did street gangs. Horrible inflation happened due to the high reparations in the 1920s. This caused many German citizens to have very little hope in the giving medication.Hitler came into power by get intoing control of the Nazi Party and got support for finding blame for the war. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germanys loss in World War I and the economic downfall. In the 1930s Hitler started to use communism uprising as a threat to gain power. He went against the other p olitical parties and set up a fascist totalitarian state in Germany based on the ideas of Stalin and Mussolini. Each regulation of this treaty led to each event in Germany causing the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party. The League of Nations came along after World War I.The point of the Leaguewas to sack up sure a war was never to break out again, and keep human being peace stabilized. All the countries counted on the League to bring stability into the world. They did not want another disaster to happen, and to avoid this they created an transnational body whose sole purpose was to maintain world peace. One major problem was this was created when the United States was in isolationism this meant that the US was not a part of the League. As America was the one of the worlds most powerful country this was a major failing in the League of Nations. Germany was also not in the League due to the Treaty of Versailles.One of their punishments was not being considered a part of the interna tional community. In 1917 Russia was not allowed to join the League also. Mainly due to the communist government in Russia. This league was lacking powerful countries and that was a big deal if they wanted international peace. The League of Nations did not have an army, therefore, how are they supposed to reinforce the Treaty of Versailles and the peace between countries. The League of Nations would have worked if it was more organized. It also could have prevented the rise of Hitler when everything went bad in Germany.Hitler refused to pay the reparations when he came into power and the League of Nations could not have done anything about it because they had no army. If the League was more organized it could have stop the rise of totalitarianism. Germany was unable to pay was reparations. They had terrible inflation, and their currency became worthless. France was aware of the high reparation costs putting Germany into a great depression. Things got better in Germany for a little u ntil the stock market crashes in 1929 known as Black Tuesday and put Germany back into an economic crisis.This all lead to the overthrow of the government starting with the Freikorps. In 1920 the Freikorps attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic and tried to blame the communist for it. Germany was in horrible shape with its economy and they would try anything to get out of it. Hitler actually had his reason for this economic crisis it was blaming the Jews. Any sort of way out the German people went along with because they were desperate for help. Hitler banned strikes, placed strict controls on wages and prices to end unemployment and try to improve the economy.He violated the treaty by increasing the military to help unemployment. The League had nothing to stop this so had to let it go by. Germany going into the great depression due to these high reparations is what caused the German people to become desperate and look toward anyone for help. They choose Hitler to listen to and he turns Germany into a fascist totalitarian state. Some countries in Europe during the 1920s were falling apart, and need help desperately. Totalitarian leaders are what these countries came to with Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, and Mao.The League of Nations was created to stabilize the world and bring peace. But the League had nothing to back it up except for their own word. These European countries economies were crashing, and Germany was in an economic crisis. The German people had to turn to a totalitarian leader to get out of it. Hitler got those jobs and helped the unemployment rate. Totalitarianism could have been stop if the Treaty of Versailles was not as harsh, the League of Nations was put together better, and if the economy had not turn terribly.

Fololio Mulagia Essay

In may of 2011 a Samoan schoolteacher by the name of Folole Muliaga was sent home from a New Zealand hospital suffering from a terminal illness called cardiomyopathy. Because, doctors believed she did non view as much longer to live she was sent home with two atomic number 8 tanks to booster aid her with her illness. McNaughton (2006) states that on May 29 a contractor for Vircom EMS was sent by quicksilver Energy to the Muliagas home to disconnect the electricity supply. Mrs. Muliaga pleaded with the contractor to keep the electricity because of her wellness condition scarcely he disagreed.A hardly a(prenominal) short hours later Mrs.Muliaga would perish. Prior to the Muliagas electricity being disconnected, the family had an outstanding balance of $168. 00, and could not break to pay the bill. The case of Folole Muliaga would later be broadcast around the world capturing the attention of many government officials. This paper will cover many aspects including but not limit ed to the consequences and outcomes of the scenario, the illegal and unethical aspects of the Mercury Company, was the role of the coroner and police department justifiable, and lastly, what reforms and guidelines were put in place as a impression of the devastating tragedy?Evaluate Ethical Behavior The Historical Case of Folole Muliaga Folole Muliaga, a 44 year old terminally ill mother of four suffering from cardiomyopathy perished afterward not being able to pay a $168. 00 electricity bill. As a result of Mrs. Muliaga sickness she was unable to push her teaching career which brought in the majority of the household income. Johnston (2007) states that Mercury Energy was unaware that disconnecting role to a South Auckland home could hurl potentially solemn consequences. The resulted consequence was too harsh to disconnect the electricity given that Mrs.Muliaga was just released from the hospital days earlier. The major price Mrs. Muliaga paid was dying 3 hours after the elec tricity was disconnected from her home. The family of Mrs. Muliaga would later dispute that the bill was not overdue, and that it was actually due days later. Bennett (2007) states that Fololes husband actually made a uncomplete payment on May 17 and would make another payment a few days later. The Mercury Energy contractor who disconnected the power says he was unaware that Mrs. Muliaga depended on oxygen tanks to live.Whats disturbing is that the Muliaga family states that when the ontractor arrived, Mrs. Muliaga invites him in and thourgly explains to him her health circumstances. She begins to plead with him not to disconnect the electricity, but he is not being attentive to her needs. He states he is simply doing his job, and that she must contact Mercury Energy to bewilder the electricity restored. Although health professionals who treated the victim said her health problems had tremendously worsened over the past few months, does not make it morally nor ethically factual f or the company to not hear the concerns of its customers.After the calamity went ational the general manager for Mercury Energy stated that he was sure the company was not at fault for Mrs. Muliagas death. Cleve (2007) He contended Im confident that the processes we have put, the communications we had with the customer, were very clear about the circumstances that would happen. The general managers arrogance toward Muliagas death clearly shows his wishing of concern and unethical doings. His thoughts are that the company done nothing immorally or illegally wrong. In the case of Folole Muliaga there was almost a political campaign by media, pressuring Mercury to change how they conduct business with customers who ave severe medical conditions.A companys culture is the biggest element of how it handles difficult situations. Companies no thing how large or small should have a value statement that aids them on what is considered ethical behavior. The actions of Mercury Energy were illegal in the eyeball of many consumers and shareholders around the world. Its very bothersome and also reality that individuals who occupy senior level managenet roles does not uphold the standards and intergrity when it comes to satisfying the needs of customers.Meredith (2007) says the behavior of Mercury Energy top xecutives serves to do no more than confirm just about every negative stereotype there is about impersonal, arrogant, and avaricious corporates. What makes Fololes story so alarming is that Mercury Energy is a state owned enterprise, which means the taxpayers solely, owns the company. Research states that Jones (1991) a moral issue is bounty when a persons actions, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others. Its imperative to know that many judgments are moral decisions because they have a moral component, such as the case of Folole Muliaga. The actions that took place in Mrs.Muliagas home was horribly illegal and unethical, because the situation was not in vestigated thourghly. If the contractor would have taken five minutes to contact someone about Mrs. Muliagas severe health condition her life probably could have been prolonged. The contractors irrational behavior to further assist the family is what makes this situation so demoralizing. A few weeks after Fololes Muliagas death, constabulary announced that there was no evidence that did not point to Mercury Energy nor the contractors that they were at fault for Mrs. Muliagas death.After Fololes death the family expressed that the Police department showed lack of Cultural Awareness and had institutionalized racism. Bridgeman (2010) Coroner Gordon Matenga concluded that Mrs. Muliaga died of natural causes but, an arrhythmia caused by morbid obesity and that the cessation of oxygen therapy and stress arising from the fact of the disconnection (as opposed to the way in which the power was disconnected) have contributed to her death. To agree with the coroners report individuals would r eally have to reexamine Fololes case. Certainly, the victim had health issues that contributed to her death.But, the question we must ask ourselves is that if Mrs. Muliagas electricity was never turned off would she have still perished a few hours later. Many of us would answer the question by saying no, she would still be alive. In many of our thoughts and private beliefs we would say that Mercury Energy is responsible for her death. Summary The Fololes Muliagas story should have been an eye opener for all major corporations. Many companies today do not follow Corporate Social Responsibility. Many top managers and executives are simply in the business to make a large profit off of its shareholders and onsumers.Organizations have to reexamine the culture, morals, and values of why they are in business. Meredith (2007) In the case of Mercury Energy, those needs should have been understood to include the cultural and economic issues of a Samoan family struggling to make a go of their lives in New Zealand and to have been deserving of care and respect in addressing what turned out to be the life threatening issue of the discontinuation of their electricity supply. A variety of theoretical perspectives have been established to support researchers and most mportantly managers on social issues.These concepts would help organizations to understand the importance of having values and morals when it comes to dealing with the public. The social life cycle theory was used to analyze the Mercury Energy case. Ackerman (1975) found that, in general, the responsiveness of business organizations to social issues progresses through a three-phase trajectory policy, learning, and commitment. Most of us who are familiar with the Muliaga case would say that the company was in vindication about the Muliaga issue.

Drink in Trend: Thailand Essay

Ready to befuddle afternoon afternoon tea leaftime ?In the past 1 to 2 years, ready to boozing tea securities industry seem declining. that in the jump half(prenominal) of 2008, ready to drunkenness tea market grew 16% in market value and 13% in quantity while the entire beverage market grew 5% only. This is the result of intensive marketing activities in the market. ?Consumers cover that thou tea is for wellness and wellness whereas black tea is for refreshment blood line Pepsi Co Trading Co. , Ltd Source Oishi Source T. C. Pharmaceutical. Total market value Bt. 3,600 trillion Lipton?Lipton is the market attraction of black tea segment (with 80% market apportion0 ? In the first half of 2008, Lipton ready to drink tea grew 30%. ?Lipton launched Lipton 9 to create an go for of Lipton as the expert in tea products. 3-4 years ago, Lipton Wave kibibyte tea was non succeed and withdrew from the market. ?The shareing headway of Lipton 9 is saucily green tea product w ith 9 kinds of herbs. Asian believe these herbs are good for health. ? Siameseland is the first market that for Lipton 9 ?Target group female old 20-39 years / with health and beauty informed.?A Bt20 million marketing budget has injected to build awareness of the spick-and-span product with product trial pass shows for 900,000 consumers, advertising through major media channels and photo contests on www. lipton9. com. ?Sermsuk expects Lipton 9 to carve out 4-5% of the green tea market this year ? Product price of Lipton 9 can Bt. 14 and PET store Bt. 18 ? Key soulfulness Mr. Isaress Sundravorakul, marketing coach-and-four of Serm Suk Ms. Ratchada, non carbonated drink director, Pepsi Co Oishi.?In graze to tap the operating(a) drink trend, Oishi launched green tea product with chlorophyll substance in green plant which helps to improve bodys blood circulation and increase oxygen level. ? grocery storeing budget for origination Oishi green tea chlorophyll Bt. 10 m ? Key pe rson Tan Paskornnatee, managing director Puriku ?Purikus mixed berry odour not only creates a big success for the brand only also a bleak trend and phratry for ready to drink tea market tea + fruit succus. Even Oishi, the market leader, has to follow and launched Oishi green tea mixed berry flavored at the analogous size 350 ml.?Puriku fruit dust coat tea is positi wholenessd as refreshment drink for teenagers aged 12-17 years kind of of functional drink for adult. It is beca manipulation functional tea drink consumed time to educate consumer and adult with health conscious prefers drinking water and fruit juice. Moreover, teenagers love the sweet and sour taste of fruit tea. ?Other than sell in 500 ml bottle and priced Bt. 20 as other brands, Puriku purge its fruit white tea in sm everyer bottle 350 ml and sells Bt. 12 a bottle. It gets a well answer from teenagers whom live in other provinces and has limited pocket money.?Strengthen the brand image by adapting famous du o boy band Golf , Mike as presenter ? Puriku will launch new flavor each year. Currently Puriku has 4 flavors. ?Key person Suwandee Chaivaroot, marketing manager Zenya ?Zenya has released cardinal functional green tea products 1. Zenya light plus fiber (same taste as original flavor scarcely amount of calories reduced by 50%) and 2. Zenya C nose candy plus (added 100 mg of vitamin c) structural deglutition ?Even functional drinks market value grow double every year but it is still not very popular in Thailand market because oThais do not accept the product yet.It has to take longer time to educate the consumer. For examples, I Firm from Unif and Alive from coca plant Cola, which entered the market too early, has been withdrawn already. oStrong advertising restriction. Even the product has got Thailands FDA approval it cannot advertise all its benefit to consumer. ? instantly only B-ing of Singha Corporation is still active in this market. It has just launched the 4th ordinanc e B-ing Relax into the market in whitethorn 2008. o4 designs 1. B-ing Fine (provide vitamins for immune system) 2. B-ing Boost (provide amino for burning gamy and energy) 3.B-ing Comfort (provide fiber for digestive system) and 4. B-ing Relax (for reduce stress) oUnlike other brands which have only one formula with unlike flavors, B-ing has up to four formulas. This strategy helps to build confidence to consumer and can fulfill needs of different target group. Market Value of Functional Drink YearMillion Baht 2006500 20071,000 20082,000 Beauty Drink ?A category of functional drink which is blooming ? Collagen is the most popular ingredient in this category ? Sappe ?Market leader and the first brand of functional drink that use beauty as a selling point ? Launched in December 2006 by Saap Anan?Distribution channel in first 5 months, it was distributed in 7- eleven only. ?Target group female 20-45 years ?Keys of success oAdvertorial in TVC program and P. O. P. (no above the line a ctivity) oBeauti Drinks formula fruit juice + beauty ingredients in 365 ml bottle. It can be drink more often than take out and 100% fruit juice because it contains only 12% fruit juice. So other than beauty purpose, Sappe can fulfill the thirsty purpose as well. ?Product oBeauti Drink Collagen super C mg oBeauti Drink Co Q10 oBeauti Shot Collagen 3000 mg + Fiber 2500 mg oBeauti Shot Co Q10 + grapevine seed extract Meiji Beauti ?Launched in 2007 by CP-Meiji.?Product strategy beauty yogurt ?In recount to compete with Dutch Mill which gains 90% market share of yogurt market, CP-Meiji build a new segment. Beauty yogurt is differentiated from fruit yogurt of Dutch Mill. ?Marketing budget 50 million baht ?Marketing activity above the line and below the line activities (movie preview and sampling). ?After conducted a consumer research, CP-Meiji found that the brand image of CP-Meiji is not modern. So the packaging has been redesigned. ?Product oBeauti Detoey with honey and lemon fo r take away oBeauti Bright with collagen for good skin oBeauti Miracle with apple cider and honey for well being ?Key person oDr. Kinggard Pattarathamas, assistant to marketing director oPaisan Chonbanyatcharoen, managing director CP-Meijis shares in different markets Market Total Market Value Share of CP-Meiji Pasteurized milk 3,500 million baht 51% Drinking yogurt1,500 million baht7-8% yoghurt (in cup)2,500 million baht10% Healthy Drink ?In the past, the target audience for healthy drink is sportsman aged around 20 years and 40-50 years. Nowadays, health conscious trend is expanding the consumer base. People whom do not endure sports also drink healthy drink ? Market value 1,000 2,000 million Baht.(estimated by Sahaphattanapiboon) i-Healti ?Launched in May 2007 by Sahaphattanapiboon ?Product strategy added Co Q10 (substance which is important for good health and skin) ? Marketing budget 70 Bt. ?Major statistical distribution channel 7-eleven and member system ?Packaging oFir stly there was a lady image on the label to avoid Thai FDA restriction on healthy drink.But later on the lady image has been removed in order to capture male consumers. oRed color is selected because it is a virile color ?Keys of success oUsed skin doctor as presenter at the beginning and now use Miss Thailand oBoth above and below the line activities (ie.road show) oSmall bottle 100 ml / bottle. Less quantity makes consumers perceive that it is effective and 100 ml can be drink for refreshment as well. oAffordable price Bt. 25 / bottle. Consumer can drink everyday. ?Product oi-Healti Q10 oi-Healti Q10 Lite (actually it is a sugar free formula but Thai FDA did not permit to put sugar free on label so i-Healti Q10 Lite put Low Calorie instead. ) ? Key person Pennapa Tanasarasin, director Peptein ?Launched in Jan 2008 by Osotspa ?Product strategy added soy saucebean plant peptide (substance for good brain performance) ? Imported soy peptide from Japan?Marketing budget 400 million ba ht ?Sales target 2008 300 million baht ?Osotspa had set up a new unit of measurement called marketing department for health and functional beverage. Each year it plans to launch one new product. ?Major distribution channel 7-eleven ?Product oPeptein 4000 oLaunched in Jan 2008 oSell at Bt. 38 / bottle (100 ml) oTarget group teenager, young adult, and first jobber oPeptein 8000 oLaunched in Feb 2008 oSell at Bt. 68 / bottle (150 ml) oTarget group adult aged 40 years old up oKey person Prathan Chaiprasit, senior deputy director Brane Fit ?Launched by Ajinomoto.?Product strategy positioning as brain feed (Brane Fit) and skin food (Skinn Fit) ? Healthy food and drink will be a new business unit of Ajinomoto. And it will launch at least one product a year. ?The strength of Ajinomoto is the know-how in healthy drink from mother participation in Japan ? Major marketing activity sampling ?Target group student and proletarian ?Product oBrane Fit oSkinn Fit ?Key person Pichit Kusamit, mana ging director Trend 1 Sugar-free ?Sugar-free soft drink category is blooming while the overall soft drink market does not grow in the first half of 2008.Consumers become more health conscious and the taste has been improved to be correspondent to classic formula. Source Coca Cola Thailand ?Coca-Cola (Thailand) Co has spent 50 million baht for its Genzero campaign, aiming at strengthening its leadership in the sugar-free carbonated beverage segment. The campaign was designed to strengthen the success of Coca-Cola set by appealing to the emerging trend among teenagers and young adults to break free from stereotypes. Coke Zero was launched in May 2007 and now has a 43% share in Thailands sugar-free carbonated beverage segment, estimated to be worth two billion baht.?Key person Chuenhathai Vuntanadit, regional marketing director (Coca Cola) Trend 2 Sesame Soy milk market share by brands Vitamilk50% Lactasoy35% DNA 12% Others 3% Source Vitamilk ?The intensive marketing activities of hi- atomic number 20 milk Anlene and Calcimex in the past few years has created a bone health conscious among Thai consumers. Soy milk companies catch the trend by adding black sesame, which is rich with calcium, into their products. And this soy milks category is now in full blossom. DNA ?DNA soy milk was introduced into the market 4-5 years ago by Dutch Mill.?In order to compete with other two major players in the market Vitamilk and Lactasoy, DNA is positioning as hi-calcium soy milk with black sesame. Now DNA is the market leader of this segment. V-Soy ?Vitamilk launched V-Soy in 2006 ?Positioned as hi-calcium soy milk and targeted at male consumer. ? trey flavor double black sesame, white sesame, and no sugar Vitamilk ?Sales of Vitamilk original formula dropped in the first half of this year. It is because 1) glass bottle was short of supply 2) retail price of Vitamilk UHT 250 ml change magnitude 2 baht to Bt. 12 but rival, Lactasoy, remained price at Bt. 10 and added quantity to 300 ml.Vitamilk flights vertebral column with Vitamilk to Go in Black 300 ml (glass bottle) and 330 ml (UHT). The 330 ml pack sells at Bt. 10 / box until end of this year. ?Key person Chanid Suwanprim, marketing manager of Greenspot Foremost Hi-5 ?Foremost launched the cereal flavor soy milk in end of 2005. ?Unlike other products on the market, Foremost Hi-5 contains black sesame, cook rice, barely and wheat germ. Anlene ?Anlene also launched soy milk with black sesame. ?Key person Lalana Boonngamsri, marketing manager of Fonterra Brands (a subsidiary of Fonterra, the world leader in milk and dairy products and the worlds largest milk exporter.Fonterra is headquartered in New Zealand and operates a network of consumer dairy businesses in 40 countries worldwide. ) Trend 3 Smaller size Recently several brands of beverage introduced humiliated pack into the market with different reasons Refresh drink ? reducing in purchasing power. Small pack is cheaper. ?Able to finish the who le bottle in one time ?Can drink several kinds of beverage Samples oPuriku green tea 350 ml oOishi green tea 350 ml oZeny green tea paper box oSplash (orange juice of Coca Cola) 180 ml (sells Bt. 10 a bottle / target kids) oTropicana (orange juice of Pepsi Co) 250 ml in glass bottle (sells Bt.10 a bottle) oCoke mini can (sells at Bt. 10) oRed Bull Cola 325 ml (sells at Bt. 10).Functional drink ?Consumer perceive that small bottle is more effective than the big one. Samples oBeauti Shot 50 ml oi-Healti Q10 100 ml oSt. Anna 100 ml oPeptein 4000 100 ml and Peptein 8000 150 ml oBrane Fit 100 ml Hi calcium milk ?Anlene launched the concentrate formula, which contains 4 times the calcium of regular milk in 110 ml UHT box. ?Target consumer whom get calcium tablet. ?It is very successful. Anlenes market share jumped from 17% to 38%with in 6 months.The total market values of hi calcium milk is 1,000 million baht. Samples oBeauti Shot 50 ml Others Fruit Fit For Fun orange juice ? 15% orange juice drink launched by TC Pharmaceutical for economical and super economical markets. ?Unlike 100% fruit juice which sell in modern trade channels only, Fruit Fit For Fun is applying the same distribution network of Red Bull, Sponsor, and Puriku. ?Ranked no. 3 in 7-eleven after Splash and Tropicana but its share in traditional channel is still far away from DeeDo, the market leader. DeeDo sells at Bt. 10 a bottle (500ml) while Fruit Fit For Fun sells at Bt. 13 a bottle.